高中英语知识点总结
高中英语知识点总结
agreat/goodmany:alargenumberof许多。修饰可数名词复数。
I’mquitebusy.Ihaveagreatmanythingstodo.我很忙,我有很高中英语知识点总结
多事要做。
若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时,应加of.
①Agreatmanyofthebookshavebeensoldout.已经卖了很多书了。
②Agreatmanyofthemareoutofwork.他们很多人失业了。
able(可以的,有能力的,可能的)
①Heisanableman.那人本事不小。
enable(v)使……能
②Wemustlearnmoretoenableustofaceallthedifficulties.我们要多学知高中英语知识点总结
识以便能面对各种困难。
disable:有残疾的,不能干的;thedisabled表示一类人(残疾人)
able作词辍时
①可以……的,值得……的(有被动含义)
eatable可食用的,measurable可以测量、估计的;readable可读的
②其他含义:conformable舒适的、安逸的;suitable合适的,恰当的
above,over,on
三个词都可以表示“在……上“,但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触;over表示在某物体垂直的上方,含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意,与under相对;above表示位置高于,但不一定垂直,与below相对。注意:与数字、数量、长度词连用时,多用over,同morethan。如:over10,000people一万多人;表示年龄、刻度多用above,如amanabovefifty五十开外的人;abovezero零度以上。
习惯用语:wellaboveaverage远在高一英语语法讲解一般以上;abovesea-level海拔以上;theoneabove上面的一个;aboveall首先,尤其重要的是;overthere那边;allover遍及;overagain再一遍;overandover再三地
[应用]介词填空①Therelayanumbrella_______thetableandsomeraincoats_____it.
②Themotherheldanumbrella______theboy’sheadsothatthesunwouldn’tburnhim.
③Thereseemedtobeawarandmanyplaneswereflying____thecity.
④Themoonwas______thetreesintheeast.
Key:①on,under②over③over④above
aboveall首先,特别是,最重要的是
afterall到底,毕竟
atall(用来加强语气)与not连用,表示“一点也不,完全不”。
inall总共
allbut几乎,差点没(=almost,nearly)
①Wehaveallbutfinishedthework.
②Thedayturnedoutfineafterall.③Childrenneedmanythings,butabovealltheyneedlove.
④Hewasn’tatalltired.
⑤Doyoufeelillatall(真的,确实)?
⑥Thereweretwentyinallattheparty.
accident/event/incident
event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故,特别是不高中英语知识点总结
幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说,显得不很重要,指“小事件”,它还可以用来表示“事变”,如叛乱、爆炸等。如:
Thebroadcasterisbroadcastingthenewsoncurrentevents.广播员正在播报时事新闻。
Hewasbadlyinjuredinthetrafficaccident.在那起交通事故中,他严重受伤。
Therewasanincidentonthebus:amanfoughtwiththeconductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事,有个人和售票员打了起来。
HaveyouheardofXi’anIncident?你听说过“西安事变”吗?
admitvt.①接纳,许可……进入(allowsb./sth.toenter)
Hewasadmittedtotheschoolthisyear.Onlytwohundredboysandgirlsareadmittedtoourschooleveryyear.
②承认,后可接名词,doing、从句或复合结构。
Iadmitmyfault.Sheadmittedhavingreadtheletter.Headmittedthathiscomprehensionwasweak.Youmustadmitthetasktobedifficult.
advice建议;劝告。是不可数名词,“一条建议”应用apieceofadvice。常用结构。
givesb.advice(on)/giveadvice给某人提(关于……的)建议;忠告某人。
ask(sb.)foradvice征求(某人的)意见。
①Marxgaveussomegoodadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.关于如何学好外语,马克思
扩展阅读:人教版高中英语选修六知识点总结
Unit1I词汇及结构
1.wouldratherdosth情愿做.
wouldrathersbdidsth情愿sb做
情愿做.而不愿意做:wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth
=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsth
Iwouldratherstayathometoday.我今天宁愿待在家里。Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
Iwouldratheryouhadnttoldmeaboutityesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。2.faithn.信任,信仰breakone"sfaithwithsb.对某人不守信用
keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信
Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了对他的诺言。
Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。havefaithin相信,信任
ingoodfaith老实地;诚恳地faithfuladj.忠诚的,可靠的
3.AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext.
so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)(+that)somany/few+n(复数)(+that)somuch/little(不可数)(+that)such+adj.+n.(不可数)/n(复数)
eg.1)Thebookis________interestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.
2)Itwas________acolddaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.3)Itwas_______coldadaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.4)Thereare_______manymistakesinyourcompositionthatIcantunderstandit.
5)Hehasmade________rapidprogressthathegotthefirstintheexam.
6)_______thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.(07陕西)A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.SowashersuccessfulbusinessB
4.consequentlyadv.所以,因此
Ioversleptand____Iwaslateforwork.我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。Itrainedthatdayand___thebaseballgamewascalledoff.A.howeverB.stillC.soD.consequentlyD
consequentadj.作为结果的,随之发生的asaconsequence/result=inconsequence=soShewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作consequencen.结果
asaconsequence/resultof=becauseof5.aim1)n.
1(C)目标○
withoutaim无目的的/无目标的achieveonesaim
missone’saim打不中目标2(U)对准,瞄准takeaimat○
Thehuntertookaimatthelion
sb/sth’saimistodo的目标是.
Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么?Thegovernorsaimistoincreasecitizensincome.2)v.
1(以枪等)对准,瞄准aimat○
takeaimatthetarget=aimatthetarget瞄准靶子
Thefactorymustaimatincreasingitsquality.他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.无目标的,无目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.
2打算,计划,以为目标,立志做○
aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄准,力求做到,力争达到Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor.or:Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.
6.typicaladj.典型的;具有代表性的;象征性的(representative)atypicalcharacter典型人物typicalexample典型事例
Heisatypicalpupil;heislikemostoftheotherpupils.他是一个有代表性的学生,他和大多数其他学生一样。adj.evident明白的,明显的(apparent)n.evidence证据;证明
Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…..
It"sevidentthatyouaretired.显然你累了。inevidence=evident明显的
7.realistic现实主义的,逼真的,现实的inamorerealisticway以一种更逼真的形式realism现实主义idealismrealist现实主义terrorism恐怖主义terrorist恐怖分子SocialismSocialist
realadj.真的realizev.实现
8.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.
holdIdeas/value持有的观点/价值观Iholdtheviewthattheplancantwork.adoptvt.
1).采取;采纳;吸收
Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。
2).过继,收养[(+as)]
Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。3).正式通过,接受
Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。adoptedadj.被收养的,被采用的adoptedchild
11.possess用作动词时,不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义:1)“有,拥有”。如:
Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartistsearlyworks.图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。2)“具有的特质”。常见搭配有bepossessedofsth,意为“具有某种品质或特征”。如:Imafraidhedoesntpossessasenseofhumor.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。Heispossessedofgreatnaturalability.他很有天赋。3)“支配,控制”。如:
Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.[n].possession
1【c】财产,所有物(常用复数)○
Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。personalpossessions个人财产
Helostallhispossessionsinthefire.2【u】占有,拥有○
takepossessionof占领,夺取comeintopossessionof占有
inpossessionof(表主动)占有
inthepossessionof(表被动)被占有Heisin~ofthehouse.他拥有这套房子。
Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.这套房子在他的占有之下。--Doestheyoungmanstandingthere_____thecompany?--No.Thecompanyis_____hisfather.A.have~of;in~ofB.in~of;inthe~ofC.take~of;inthe~ofD.have~of;in~of
9.convince
convincesb.todosth=convincesbofsth.说服某人做Convincesbthat使某人确信某事
Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.
Yourmistakesconvincedmethatyouhadntstudiedyourlesson.你的错误使我确信你没有学习功课。convincevt.“使确信;使信服”convincesb.ofsth./that...
Scientistsareconvinced_____thepossibleeffectoflaughter_____physicalandmentalhealth.A.of;atB.by;inC.of;onD.on;atbycoincidence碰巧,由于巧合
whatacoincidence!多么凑巧的事情啊!
Whatacoincidencetomeetyouhere.真巧在这儿碰到你。Imethimbycoincidence.Ididntknowhewashere.10.agreat/gooddeal大量;大量
Eversincethereformandopening,Chinahaschangedagreatdeal.(adv.修饰v.)
Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisconsideredthebestwaytosolvethedifficultproblem.(n.)Heranagreatdealfasterthanme.(修饰比较级)agreat/gooddealof为adj,修饰[U]
Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.那个项目花费了大量金钱。1)修饰可数名词:manyafew
agood/greatmany
Agreatmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltalongthestreet.alarge/big/great//smallnumberofManya+单数名词
Morethanone+单数名词2)修饰不可数名词:much
agood/greatdealof
alargeamountof(谓语动词用单数)largeamountsof(谓语动词用复数)3)修饰可数和不可数名词alotof/lotsofplentyof
alargequantityof(谓语动词用单数)largequantitiesof(谓语动词用复数)练习:
1.____thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.Alotof
2.Heis____betternow.Dontworryabouthim.A.moreB.agreatdealof
C.anumberofD.agreatdeal13.Theimpressionistswerethefirstartiststopaintoutdoors.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheclassroom.
10.attemptv.尝试,企图v.①企图,试图;努力
②试图,尝试:努力去执行,做或完成attemptdoing反复尝试做attempttodo企图做
attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doing
Thesecondquestionwassodifficult;Ididntevenattemptit.第二道题太难了,我连试都没试。Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.我想开口说几句,但有人叫我别做声。Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.
Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.
1企图或努力○2袭击;攻击n.○
anattemptonsomeone"slife.对某人生命的攻击
Shellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst_________.
A)intentionB)attemptC)purposeD)desire
makeanattempttodosthatdoingsth
Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她试着做这顿饭。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape/atescapingbutfailed.atone’sattempt在sb尝试下one’sfirstattempt初次尝试练习:
1)他试图行走直到摔倒。
He______________________________2)他参加过考试,可是失败了。
He________________________butfailed.3)我企图说话,可是有人要我安静点。I________________butwastoldtobequiet.attemptedwalkinguntilhefellover.attemptedtheexaminationattemptedtospeak
18.Ontheotherhand
另一方面,相当于一个副词。常与ononehand连用。Ononehandontheotherhand一方面另一方面
Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idonthavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idonthaveenoughmoney.Athand在手边,在附近Byhand用手的,手工的
Gohandinhandwith与共同行动19.Predict
1)v.预言,预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。Nobodycanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.
Itisstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。2)n.Prediction预言,预测Herpredictionturnedouttobecorrect.她的预言证明是正确的。20.Specific明确的,详尽的,具体的,特有的
Canyoubeabitmorespecificwhenyoutalkaboutyourplan?当你谈及你的计划时,你能说的再具体点吗?Eachorganinourbodyhasitsspecificfunction.我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。
Thiskindofdiseaseisspecifictohouses.这种病只有马才会得。21.figure
1)外形;体形;人影Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)体态;风姿Shehasaslenderfigure.
3)人物;名人Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)数字Wheredidyougetthosefigures?5)Hisworknowcommandshugefigures.22.delicate
Heisadelicatechild.纤弱的,娇弱的,瘦弱的
Becarefulwiththosewinecupstheyareverydelicate.容易的
InsuchadelicatesituationIhavetoweighmywords.需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。Whatadelicateworkofart!精妙的delicatechina.精美的瓷器
23.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。
WeregardedtheIraqWarasanaggressiveone.我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。anaggressivesalesman一干劲很大的售货员aggressiveweapons攻击性武器2)aggressivelyadv.气势汹汹地
3)aggressionn.侵略(行动)aggressorn.侵略者练习:
Ifyouwanttobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman,youmust_____________.如果你想做一个成功的商人,你必须积极进取。
_______________mustbedestroyed.必须要销毁攻击性的武器。beaggressiveAggressivearms
24.Intheflesh活生生,本人,亲自Fleshn.肌肉;肉
HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗?
Hewouldn’tbelieveuntilhesawintheflesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。Fleshandblood肉体,血肉之躯
Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.Loseflesh减肥
Gain/putonflesh增肥Flesh-eating食肉的25.preference-prefer
1)更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]Awindowseatismypreference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。Wedresssimplybypreference.首先,最好2)偏爱的事物(或人)[C]
Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?3)偏袒[U][(+for)]
Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
4)优先(权);优惠权[U][C]inpreferenceto优先于Haveapreferencefor偏爱
Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.我更喜欢古典音乐。Wehadapreferenceforsweetfood.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.inpreferenceto优先于
Idchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。
Shechosetolearntheviolininpreferencetothepiano.她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.26.Appeal
vi.1)呼吁,恳求appealtosbforsth.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]
Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上诉[(+to/against)]
Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.27.fragileadj.精细的;易碎的;脆弱的;
Ashebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend,hisheartwasfragile.由于他同女朋友分手了,他的心很脆弱。Reputationn.
1名誉,名声[(+for)]○
Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。Hehasareputationforcheatingintheexam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。haveareputation享有盛名2好名声,声望;信誉○
Thisrestauranthasafinereputation.这家餐厅信誉很好。
Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer‘sreputation.比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。liveuptoone’sreputation不负盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名;
winahighreputation赢得很高的声誉
Youmustliveuptoyourpromise.你必须实践自己的诺言。
Theyarealwaysexhortedtodeliverresultsandtoliveuptotheirparents"highexpectations他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩,实现父母对他们的高度期望。28.、Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart.博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。morethan+名词意为“不仅仅”,morethanjust相当于notonly,notjust的意思。如:Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.詹森不仅是一名讲师,他还是一个作家。Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。1)morethan+数词,意为“超过”相当于over,其反义词组为lessthan。如Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.公园里有200多人。2)“morethan+形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思。如:Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我对你的讲话十分满意。Shewasdressedmorethansimply.她穿着太朴素了。
3)在“more...than...”结构中,肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分,常译为“是而不是”或“与其说不如说”。如:Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.听到这巨大的声响,男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶。句型:
1.TheImpressionistswere_________________________________.印象派画家是第一批室外写景的画家。(P2)
序数词thefirst/thesecond/thelast(+sb.)+todo是一种常见结构,表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”,其中的不定式作后置定语;如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系,不定式应使用被动结构。
Mymonitorisalwaysthefirsttocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。
Totellthetruth,hewasthelastpersontobemetwithbythemanager.说实话,他是最后一个被经理接见的人。
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。
2.__________________somanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturyto21stcenturyarehousedinthesamemuseum.令人吃惊的是,在同一家博物馆里竟能容纳下19世纪后期到21世纪的如此众多的名家巨作。Itisamazing/surprising/astonishing/shockingthat...是一种常见句型,表示“……令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”,其中it是形式主语,that引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用toone"samazement/surprise/astonishment/shock这些短语作状语来改写。
Itissurprisingthatchildrenwhoaresevenyearsolddon"tknowhowtobrushone"steeth.令人吃惊的是,七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙
Toourshock,theterroristexplosioncausedoveronehundreddeaths.令我们震惊的是,这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。
语法:虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中
与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形Howniceit________ifI________asisterlikeyou!
A.was;hadB.wouldbe;hadhadC.wouldhavebeen;hadD.wouldbe;had【解析】题干表达与现在事实相反的内容,根据规则选D项
2.与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(haddone),主句用would/should/could/might+havedone
Wereyouintimeforthelecture?
IfI________toldearlier,Iwouldhave.
A.hadbeenB.wasC.weretobeD.shouldbe
选A。由问句看出与过去事实相反,因而从句中使用过去完成时。
3.与将来事实相反时,从句中可用三种形式,即动词的过去式/should+动词原形/wereto+动词原形。
Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit________breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
分析:后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句中使用should表示“假如;万一”
________fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.Mightyoube
【解析】前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气,与将来事实相反从句中使用Ifyoushouldbefired,可以省略if而把should提前到主语之前。
4.虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句:条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致,主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。
5.虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句:句中没有条件从句,其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。
ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.
A.wouldnotwinB.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwinD.wouldhavewonbutfor(要不是)引导的短语在句中作状语时,句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气;此处表示与过去事实相反,因而使用“would
6.wish后的宾语从句中:与现在事实相反时用were或动词的一般过去时;与过去事实相反时用had+过去分词;与将来事实相反时用would/could/might+动词原形。HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
wish后的从句如果表示与现在事实相反,应使用动词的过去形式。
7.在suggest,order,insist,demand,require,desire,command,request,recommend等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中;在与suggestion,order,request,advice,demand等有关的表语从句、同位语从句中;以及在It+be+suggested/ordered/requested/insisted/desired/requiredthat...句型中用“(should)+动词原形”。
Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou________swimaftereatingalargemeal.A.wouldn"tB.couldn"tC.needn"tD.shouldn"t
recommend表示“建议”时,其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。
.Hissuggestionisthattheharvest________inbeforetherainyseasoncomes.A.getB.shouldgetC.begotD.willbegot
suggestion之后的that从句是表语从句,其中谓语用“should+动词原形”,should省略。8.在It"s(high)timethat...句型中,谓语动词用过去时或should+动词原形(should不能省略),表示“早就该”
It"snouseenvyingotherstheirsuccess.It"stimethatyou________hard.A.mustworkB.weretoworkC.workD.workedIt"stimethat...句型中使用动词的一般过去时
9.asif/asthough(好像,似乎)之后的方式状语从句中;ifonly句型表示“要是……多好啊”中,与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时;与过去事实相反时用had+过去分词;与将来事实相反时用should/would/could/might+动词原形。
Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
Unit2
词汇和结构:
1.conveyv.传达;运送
Otherstryto________certainemotions.而有些诗则是为了传达某种情感的。(P10)Pleaseconveymybestwishestoher.请代我向她表示最良好的祝愿。(朗文P413)convey...to...把运到
convey...tosb.向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)conveyone"sfeelings表达感情
2.transformv.转化;转换;改造;变换
Gettingthatnewjobhascompletelytransformedher.她得到了那份新工作以后,人全变了。(朗文P1871)Inonly20yearsthecountryhasbeentransformedintoanadvancedindustrialpower.这个国家只用了20年时间就变成了一个先进的工业强国。(朗文P1871)transform...into把某人/物改变成transform...from从中转变、转化3.appropriateadj.适当的;正当的
Matchthebeginningofeachsentencewiththe___________ending.Yourclothesarehardlyappropriateforajobinterview.你的服装不太适合求职面试时穿。(朗文P76)
Itisappropriatethathe(should)makeanapologytous.他向我们道歉是合适的。(文馨P87)
Thehouseisnotreallysuitableforalargefamily.这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。beappropriateto/for...对适合;适宜
Itisappropriate/properthat...(should)do...是合适的besuitablefor/to...适合的;适宜的befitfor...适合;胜任
注意appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等;suitable指适合某种情况或安排;fit指大小适合或胜任某职位;appropriate等于veryproper。4.exchangen./v.交换;交流;调换;兑换
Iftherehadnotbeenan__________programme,hewouldnothavefoundasponsortohelphimstudyabroad.
要是没有一个交流项目的话,他就不可能找到赞助者帮助他到国外学习。(P13)Hegavemeanappleinexchangeforapieceofcake.他给我一个苹果,来换我的一块蛋糕。(朗文P589)IexchangedseatswithBill.我和比尔换了座位。(朗文P589)exchangesth.forsth.拿交换exchangesth.withsb.与某人交换某物
exchangemoney兑换钱币inexchangefor...交换;调换doanexchange作一下交换culturalexchange文化交流
exchangerate/programme汇率/交流项目
5.sponsorn.赞助人;主办者;倡议者v.发起;举办;倡议;赞助Thebaseballmatchisbeingsponsoredbyacigarettecompany.棒球赛是由一家烟草公司赞助举行的。(朗文P1702)
IfI"mgoingtogoandliveintheUS,ImustgetanAmericansponsor.如果我去美国并在那里居住,必须有美国人作担保。(朗文P1701)sponsorthecelebration主办庆祝会sponsorsb.资助某人sponsoraplan倡议计划
becomeone"ssponsor成为某人的赞助人/担保人6.loadn.负担;负荷物v.装载;给负荷Thegoodnewshastakenaloadoffmymind.这好消息使我如释重负。(文馨P1098)
Supportingherfamilyhasbeenaheavyloadforher.养家对她来说是很大的负担。(文馨P1098)
takealoadoffone"smind使卸下心上重负;使某人如释重负havealoadonone"smind放心不下carryaheavyload负重载loadsof=aloadof许多
7.takeit/thingseasy轻松;不紧张;从容Justtakeiteasyandtelluswhathappened.别急,告诉我们发生了什么事。(朗文P597)
There"snoneedtorushbackjusttakeyourtime.不要急着赶回来,慢慢来吧。(朗文P2103)takeone"stime别着急,慢慢来takesb./sth.seriously认真对待某人/事
take...forgranted对想当然,认为理所当然8.runoutof用完,用尽
Thetruckhasrunoutofgasagain.卡车的油又用完了。(朗文P1731)Oursuppliessoonranout.
我们的补给很快就耗尽了。(朗文P1731)runout用完,耗尽
giveout(物)用完,耗尽;(人)筋疲力尽;发出;分发;宣布useup用完;用光
runout=giveout是不及物短语,通常以物作主语;runoutof=useup是及物短语,多以人作主语9.makeupof构成,组成(用于被动)
AnothersimpleformofpoemthatstudentscaneasilywriteisapoemmadeupoffivelinesWomenmakeuponly30%oftheworkers.女性占劳动力的30%。(朗文P1189)
I"mtryingtomakeupforthetimelostwhileIwasaway.我正在设法弥补我不在期间耽误的时间。(朗文P1189)Wedidn"tmakeittothepartyintheend.我们最终还是没能参加那个聚会。(朗文P1187)bemadeoutof由制成;用改造而成makeup组成;编造;化妆makeupfor弥补bemadeof/from由制成bemadeinto把制成bemadein(某物)产于某地makeit获得成功;准时到达makeout看清;分清;辨认清楚makethebed整理床铺10.tryout测试;试验
IthinkIwill__________hiswaytoosometime.我想将来某个时候也尝试一下他的方法。(P15)
Theideasoundsfine,butweneedtotryitoutinpractice.这个主意听起来不错,但我们要在实践中试验一下。(朗文P1887)Theywereletoutofprisonlastweek.他们上周从监狱里放出来了。(朗文P1000)
Iamcountingonyoutosupportme;don"tletmedown.tryoutfor...参加竞争tryon试穿tryone"sbest尽力tryone"sluck试试运气
tryone"sskill/strength考验自己的技术/体力letout发出;放走;泄露;加宽;加大衣服letin让进来;放进letdown放下;使失望
letoff开(枪);放(烟火);释放;让某人下车句型
1.Therearevarious_______________peoplewritepoetry.人们写诗有着各种各样的理由。(P10)用法:...reason(s)why意为“的原因”,why等于forwhich引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason。reason后也可以接that引导定语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;that也可以引导同位语从句,说明reason的内容。
Thereasonwhyhediedyoungwashisinattentiontohealth.他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的健康。
Idon"tknowthereasonwhyhefailedthefinalchemistryexam.我不知道他期末化学考试不及格的原因。Wedon"tbelievethereasonthatyougaveus.我们不相信你给我们的理由。
Wearenotgoingforthesimplereasonthatwecan"taffordit.我们不去的理由很简单,我们负担不起。【对比】下列句型:
Thisiswhy...这就是的原因。(强调结果)Thisisbecause...这是因为。(强调原因)
Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...(的原因是)句型中,一般用that引导表语从句,而不用because。单项填空
(1)Hedidn"tgobybikewithme.That"s________therewassomethingwrongwithhisbike.A.becauseB.whyC.howD.whenA2.
wanttowritepoemsoftheirown.
有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型,学生们最终也许想自己作诗了。(P11)
用法:句中with结构表示原因,置于句首,可替换为because引导的原因状语从句,即等于“Becausetherearesomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefrom,”,该结构中的不定式表示动作尚未发生,有时这一结构还可以表示条件。
Withsomuchhomeworktodothisevening,Ican"tgototheconcert.因为今晚有很多作业要做,我不能去参加音乐会。
Withalocalguidetohelpus,wewillhavenodifficultyinfindingthetemple.如果有一名当地的导游帮助我们,我们找到那座庙宇将不会有困难。单项填空
(2)Withsomanytoughproblems________,themanagerfeelsalittleworried.A.solveB.solvingC.tosolveD.settled语法:
it用法与强调句
1.用作形式主语,代替由不定式、动名词或各种从句所表示的真正主语。________worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It
【解析】it代替后面的名词短语theway...作形式主语。2.作形式宾语,代指不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语
Hedidn"tmake________clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these
【解析】it代替后面的whenandwhere从句作形式宾语。
Thechairmanthought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtospeakatthemeeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him
【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。3.
有hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate等。
I"dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.A.thatB.itC.thisD.you
【解析】it代指后面的if从句所表达的内容。4.
Withsomanydifferentformsofpoetrytochoosefromstudentsmayeventually
表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词,后面接it,然后再跟从句,it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词
it用来指代上文提到的事物、情况等
Beingaparentisnotalwayseasy,andbeingtheparentofachildwithspecialneedsoftencarrieswith________extrastress.
A.itB.themC.oneD.him
【解析】it代指beingtheparentofachildwithspecialneeds这一意义。
5.强调句的基本句型:Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句。被强调部分是人时可用who/whom代替that,强调时间、地点、原因状语时,通常只使用that,而不使用when,where,why。被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语、各种状语。用is还是was取决于原句谓语动词的
时态,如原句是现在或将来各种时态,用Itis...that...;如原句是过去时态,则用Itwas...that...。ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver________MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where
【解析】分析句子结构看出,题干使用的是强调句型,因而使用连词that。6.强调句的复杂结构形式:
①强调句用于not...until结构:Itis/was+notuntil...+that+其他部分。②强调句用于一般疑问句:Is/Was+被强调部分+that+其他部分。
③强调句用于特殊疑问句:被强调的通常是疑问代词或疑问副词,其强调结构是:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+其他部分?
Itwasnotuntilmidnight________theyreachedthecampsite.A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as
【解析】句中强调了时间状语notuntil,连词使用that。Unit3词汇:
1.abusen./v.滥用;虐待
Theofficialsarealwaysremindednottoabusetheirpower.官员们总是被提醒不要滥用权力。
It"sourdutytoprovidehelpfortheabusedchildren.给被虐待的儿童提供帮助是我们的职责drugabuse吸毒
bebadlyabused被虐待abuseofpower滥用权力personalabuse人身攻击
showerabuseonsb.大骂某人
receiveabusivetreatment受到虐待单项填空
(1)Whatareyouworriedabout?
Thefactthatmanychildrenarestillbeing________.
A.managedB.abusedC.questionedD.foundedB2.stressn.压力;重音v.加压力于;使紧张Helaidparticularstressontheneedfordiscipline.他特别强调纪律的重要性。(朗文P1979)
Shehasbeenunderalotofstresssincehermother"sillness.她自从母亲病倒后一直忧心忡忡。(朗文P1979lay/put/placestresson把重点放在上;强调understress在压力之下
underthestressof为所迫
inthestressofthemoment一时紧张
stresstheimportanceof强调的重要性单项填空
Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder________.
A.stressB.weightC.loadD.strength3.banv.禁止;取缔n.禁令
Doyouthinksmokingshouldbe_________你认为应该禁止吸烟吗?(P17)
Aftertheaccident,hewasbannedfromdriving.事故发生后,他被禁止驾车。(朗文P110)Thereisabanonsmokinginthetheatre.剧场内严禁吸烟。bebannedfromdoingsth.被禁止做某事therebeabanon...禁止;禁令declareabanon...宣布禁止putabanon禁止
removethebanon解除对的禁令underaban受禁止;被查禁4.quitv.停止(做某事);离开
Iwasaddictedinallthreeways,soitwasverydifficultto____.Iwishyouwouldallquitcomplaining.我希望你们都别抱怨了。(朗文P1611)
Hewasgladtobequitofthetroublesomejob.
他很高兴能摆脱那个麻烦的工作。(朗文P1611)quitdoingsth.停止做某事quitoffice/one"sjob离职
quitoneselfofsth.=bequitofsth.摆脱某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事
giveupdoingsth.放弃/停止做某事getridof摆脱
ridoneselfof使自己摆脱
注意quit后接动名词,但不接不定式单项填空
(4)Hedecidedto________thepositionafterquarrelingwiththemanager.A.stopB.blockC.loosenD.quit5.effectn.结果;效力
WhenIwasyoung,Ididn"tknowmuchabouttheharmful_________ofsmoking.在我年轻的时候,关于吸烟的危害我知道得并不多。(P18)Theadvertisingcampaigndidn"thavemucheffectonsales.广告宣传对销售影响不大。(朗文P548)
TheoldsystemoftaxationwillremainineffectuntilnextMay.旧税制在明年五月前仍然有效。(朗文P548)haveagood/badeffecton对……有好/坏的影响beofnoeffect没效果;无用takeeffect(法律)生效;(药)奏效bring/put...intoeffect实施come/gointoeffect生效
ineffect事实上;在实施;生效sideeffect副作用完成句子
Thenewmedicinequickly________(奏效).
Whatateachersaysoften________(很有影响)juniorstudents.6.desperateadj.不顾一切的;绝望的
Ifyoufeel_________,youmightliketotalktoadoctororchemistaboutsomethingtohelpyou.如果你的确没办法,你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈谈,帮你想点办法。(P19)Theyweresoldbyfamiliesdesperateformoneytobuyfood.它们是由极需钱来购买食品的家庭出售的。(双解P551)bedesperatefor极需要;极向往bedesperatetodosth.非常想做某事dosth.desperately拼命地做某事
indesperation绝望地;不顾一切地;拼命地介词填空
Havingbeenoutofworkforthreeyears,sheisdesperate________work.
Knowinghissonwaslockedintheburninghouse,hekickedthedoor________desperation.7.disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的
Donotbe_____________ifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉,你也不要失望。(P19)Shewasdeeplydisappointedabout/atlosingtherace.比赛输了,她很沮丧。(朗文P484)
Iwasdisappointedtohearthattheyweren"tcoming.听说他们不来我很失望。(朗文P484)
bedisappointedabout/at/in...对感到失望bedisappointedtodo做某事失望bedisappointedthat...感到失望bedisappointing令人失望的disappointsb.使某人失望
toone"sdisappointment令人失望的是adisappointment令人失望的人/事运用上述词汇完成下列情景
(9)Today,Iwentdowntownwithseveralofmygoodfriends.However,theweatherwasreally①__________becauseitwasraining.Itoldmyfriendsthatwewouldn"tbe②________.Arrivingatapark,wewere③________tofinditwasnotopentoday.Thenwelefttheparktoanearbyrestaurantforlunch.Toour④________,therestaurantwasclosed,too.Wehadnochoicebutgohome.Whata⑤________outingitwas!
【答案】①disappointing②disappointed③disappointed④disappointment⑤disappointing
8ashamedadj.感到惭愧;羞耻的
Ifyouweakenandhaveacigarette,donotfeel_________.如果你因意志削弱而又抽烟了,也不要觉得难为情。(P19)Barrywasashamedthathehadlosthistemper.巴里因自己发脾气感到很惭愧。(朗文P88)Iwasashamedofhavingliedtomymother.我为自己向母亲撒谎感到内疚。(朗文P88)
beashamedthat...对感到羞耻;感到羞愧的是feel/beashamedof对感到惭愧feel/beashamedforsb.替某人感到羞愧beashamedtodosth.耻于做某事
beashamedofoneself为自己感到惭愧It"sashamethat...遗憾
Whatashamethat...多么遗憾
Shefelt________ofdoingthatandtearsrandownhercheeks.A.shameB.ashamedC.sorryD.disappointedB9.dueto由于
Theflightwascancelledduetothefog.航班因雾停飞。
Themeetingisn"tduetostartuntilthree.会议预定要到3点才开始。(朗文P584)
Haveyoubeenpaidthemoneythatisduetoyou?你得到应得的钱了吗?(朗文P584)beduetodosth.预期做某事bedueforsth.应有;得到
bedueto(doing)sth./sb.归因于(做)某事/某人
注意dueto表示原因时只用来作状语或表语,不置于句首。
(Hereffortsledtohersuccesswhilehisfailure____________hislazinessandcarelessness.A.leadstoB.duetoC.ledtoD.wasduetoA10.be/becomeaddictedto对……有瘾
DuringadolescenceIalsosmokedand_______________________________当我还是一个十几岁的孩子时,我也吸烟,而且还上了瘾。(P18)Itdoesn"ttakelongtobecomeaddictedtothesedrugs.服用这些毒品不用多久就会上瘾。(朗文P17)Neveraddictyourselftosomuchonlinegames.千万不要迷恋于如此多的网上游戏。addictoneselfto沉迷于;醉心于addictionto...对上瘾;习惯于avideogameaddict游戏迷
注意beaddictedto中的to是介词,后接名词或动名词。11.be/get/becomeaccustomedto习惯于……
Thismeansthatafterawhileyourbody______________________havingnicotineinit.这就是说,过一段时间以后,你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。(P18)I"mnotaccustomedtogettingupsoearly.我不习惯这么早起床。(朗文P14)
Ittookawhileformetoaccustommyselftoallthenewrulesandregulations.我花了一段时间才逐渐适应了所有的新规章制度。(朗文P14)accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事be/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事单项填空
(13)Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.
Itdoesn"tmatter.I"maccustomedto________.
A.waitB.waitingC.bewaitingD.havewaited12.decideon对作出决定;选定
____________adaytoquit.确定一个开始戒烟的日子。(P19)I"meighteennowandIhavearighttodecidemyownfuture.我现在18岁了,有权决定自己的未来。(朗文P485)Whatwasitthatfinallydecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?是什么使你最终决定放弃那份工作的?(朗文P485)decidesth.决定某事
decidewhat/when/howtodo...决定什么/何时/如何做decide(not)todosth.决定(不)做某事decidesb.todosth.使某人决定做某事Itisdecidedthat...决定makeadecision作出决定
makeupone"smind(todo)决心(做某事)介、副词填空
Theyhavedecided________thedateforthewedding.
Atlastshemade________hermindtotellherparentsthetruth.13.feellike(doing)想要(做);感觉自己像
Everytimeyou__________smokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanonsmoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候,你就提醒自己你已经是不吸烟的人了Doyoufeellikeacupofcoffee?你想来一杯咖啡吗?(朗文P624)
Idon"tfeelmyselftoday.我今天不舒服。feelsorryfor为感到难过、遗憾feelathome感到自在;不拘束feelbadlyabout对感觉难过feellikeoneself心情好;自觉健康feelasif...感觉好像、仿佛feelone"sway摸索着前进
Youshouldmakeyourguestsfeel_at_______home.
Youmaynotfeel___like_____goingtobedonsuchabeautifulnight.14.inspiteof不顾;不管
______________allhiseffortshefailed.尽管他已经竭尽全力,他还是失败了。Wewentoutinspiteoftherain.
尽管下着雨,我们还是出去了。(朗文P1921)
Shelovedherhusbandinspiteofthefactthathedranktoomuch.虽然丈夫喝酒很凶,但她仍然爱着他。(朗文P1921)despite=inspiteof尽管(后接名词、代词)
despite/inspiteofthefact...尽管,不管(同位语从句)regardlessof...不管,不顾
注意despite和inspiteof是介词;而although和though是连词,引导从句。__C______,shecametoschooltoattendtheimportantlecture.
A.ThoughbeingillB.AlthoughillnessC.InspiteofillnessD.Despitehewasill15.take/runarisk/risks冒险
Wemuststoptherumours;thefirm"sreputationisatrisk.
我们必须制止这些谣传,公司的名誉有受损的危险。(朗文P1705)Therewassomeriskthatfirewouldbreakoutagain.大火有再次烧起来的危险。(朗文P1705)atrisk处境危险;遭受危险attheriskof冒的危险atone"sownrisk自担风险atallrisks无论冒什么危险
run/taketheriskof冒的危险riskit冒险试一试
riskdoingsth.冒险做某事
Hegotwellpreparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn"trisk________thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost16.getinto陷入;染上(习惯);开始对感兴趣
Ofcoursethebestwaytodealwiththesedrugsisnotto_getintothehabitinthefirstplace!当然,解决吸毒问题的最佳方法就是首先不要染上这一习惯。I"msorryifIgotyouintotrouble.
如果我给你添了麻烦,我十分抱歉。(朗文P725)
Ourteacherisclever,butnotverygoodatgettinghisideasacrossgetintotrouble陷入困境
getintothehabitof染上的习惯getintopanic陷入恐慌
get(sth.)across(tosb.)(使某事)为人理解getalong/onwith进展;相处getover克服
getaround/about四处走动getthrough接通;完成getin收割;募集(捐款)单项填空
Iusedtoquarrelalotwithmyparents,butnowwe________fine.A.lookoutB.stayupC.carryonD.getalong
句型:
1.I_________sobecauseIwantyoutoliveaslongandhealthyalifeasIhave.我的确希望你把烟戒掉,因为我希望你能像我这样活的健康长寿。(P18)“do/does/did+动词原形”这一结构表示“的确;确实;真的”,用于肯定句和祈使句中,起加强语气的作用,有人称和时态的变化。Docomeearlytomorrowmorning.明天早晨一定要早来。
Themanagerdoesthinkhighlyofyoursuggestion.经理确实很看重你的建议。
Ididtellthemonitorabouttheexactresultofthetest.
2.Donotbedisappointedifyouhavetotryseveraltimesbeforeyoufinallystopsmoking.即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉,你也不要失望。(P19)
before引导时间状语,除了表示“在之前”以外,还可以表示“(之后)才;(不多久)
就;不等就”。多用于下列句型中:
Itwilltake/takes/tooksb.sometime+before花费时间才Itis/waslongbefore...过了时间才Itwon"tbelongbefore...不久就
Itwillbelong+before...过多久才
Itwon"tbelongbeforeyourecoverfromtheillness.不用多久你就会痊愈。
Itwilltakethreeorfiveyearsbeforethecityisrebuilt.需要三至五年时间这个城市才能重建。单项填空
TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears________theNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then
语法:
常用并列连词
1.表示并列的连词:and,aswellas,notonly...butalso,both...and,neither...nor。Theartistwasbornpoor,________poorheremainedallhislife.A.andB.orC.butD.so
【解析】前后句之间是并列关系,因而使用and连接。
2.表示转折意义的连词:but,while(而,然而),whereas(而),nevertheless(然而)。Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.
Thefirsttwoarefree________thethirdcostsD|S30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before
前后两个分句之间是并列关系,表示对比意义“而,然而”,因而使用连词while。3.表示因果的连词:for,so,then;表示条件或结果的连词:and,or等。
Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,________hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.thoughB.forC.butD.so
【解析】空格后部分用来解释前一句的原因,因而使用连词for。4.表示选择的连词:or,either...or,otherwise
Youhavefailedtwice.You"dbetterstartworkingharder,________youwon"tpassthecourse.A.andB.SoC.butD.or
【解析】祈使句与后面的陈述句所表达的内容是对立关系,因而用or。
IgrewupinAfrica,________atleastIshouldsaythatIspentmuchofthefirsttenyearsofmylifethere.
A.andB.orC.soD.but
根据句意,此处应使用or表示选择,意为“或者”。用适当的并列连词填空
1.Onemoreweek,________wewillaccomplishthetask.
2.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools,____________wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.
3.Don"tdrivetoofast,________youwillhaveanaccident.
4.TheywantedtochargeD|S5,000forthecar,________wemanagedtobringthepricedown.1.and2.for3.or4.but
Unit4词汇:
1.phenomenonn.plphenomena现象Aneclipseofthemoonisararephenomenon.
Bankruptcyisacommonphenomenoninaneconomicrecession.2.glancevi.lookquicklyat(sb./sth.)n.aquicklookglanceat=takeaglanceat匆匆一看;扫视stareat盯着看;凝视
glareat瞪着眼看;怒目而视;怒视
Sheglancedshylyattheyoungfellowfrombehind.
Theystoodglaringateachotherasiftheywereenemies.
3.decreasevt.&vi.becomesmallerorfewer;diminish;reducedecrease/reduce…to/by…减小,降低到(了);反义increaseStudentnumbershavedecreasedby/to500.Interestinthesportisdecreasing.4.existvi.存在
existencen.存在生存cameintoexistence产生Doeslifeexistonotherplanets?
Fewofthesemonkeysstillexistintheworld.
Pakistancameintoexistenceasanindependentcountryafterthewar.5..supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.for/tosb.提供/供应某物给某人providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.
1)Theschoolsuppliesbooksfor/tothechildren.2)Weareheretoprovideaserviceforthepublic.6.compare…to…把……比作
compare…with…把……和……比较
comparedwith/to与……相比(在句中常作状语)comparewith与某人/物相比
Peopleoftencomparechildrentoflowers.
Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youllfindhersisbetter.Comparedwith/tomanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunateThiscantcomparewiththat.
7.comeabout发生comeacross偶然遇到comeout出版,(花)开Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout,Imstillinthedark.8.buildup树立,逐步建立;增加;增进(健康);集结
builduponeshealth增进健康buildupagoodreputation/fame树立良好的声誉;Trafficisbuildingup.车辆在增多
1)Thisbuiltupmyhopeaftertheinterview.
9.keeponsth/doingsth继续/坚持做某事表动作的反复,有停顿keepdoingsth一直不断地做某事表动作的持续,无停顿
1)Thoughitwasraining,theykeptonworkinguntilitwasfinished.2)Ikeptstandinginthetrainalltheway.
.keep….from….stop….(from)….prevent…(from)….
Youshouldcleanyourroomtokeepitfromgettingdirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。Keepdoing继续
keepout挡住使进不去keepupwith跟上
Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?10..onthewhole=inthemain=intheabstract大体上,基本上,总的来说asawhole总体上,作为一个整体看待Onthewhole,Iaminfavoroftheidea.
11.makeadifference有关系,有影响,有重要性
makesome/no/any/notmuch/agreatdealofdifference(to…)颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响(关系)
Theraindidntmakemuchdifferencetothegame.
Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryougotodayortomorrow.
12.makesense(of)有道理;有意义;讲得通;明白;是明智的1)Thissentencedoesntmakesense.2)Canyoumakesenseofthepoem?
3)Itmakessensetobuythemostup-to-dateversion.13.putupwith=stand=bear=standfor忍受,容忍1)Wehadtoputupwiththeinconvenience.10.solongas=aslongas只要;既然,由于
1)Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.
2)Solongasthereisademandforthesedrugs,thefinancialincentivefordrugdealerswillbethere.
14.uptoasmanyas多达;uptill直到;胜任;正在干,从事着1)Icantakeuptofourinmycar.2)Uptonowhehasbeenveryquiet.3)Hesnotuptothejob.4)Whatssheupto?
15.consumev.----consumer(n.).1消耗,花费;耗尽
Sheconsumedmostofhertimeinreading.2吃完,喝光
Thekidssoonconsumedallthefoodonthetable.孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
3使全神贯注,使着迷+with
Theboywasconsumedwithcuriosity.那男孩充满好奇心。16.as…asonecan=as…aspossible
Pleasecomehereassoonaspossible.=Pleasecomehereassoonasyoucan..asmanyas多达aslongas长达,只要asfaras远至,就…而论
aswellas和…一样好,也,和asearlyas早在17.compare
compareto/with:与…相比
Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.compareAwithB:相比(不同)
Ifyoucompareherworkwithhis,youwillfindhersismuchbetter.compareAtoB:把A比作B
Poetshavecomparedsleeptodeath.
Ateacher"sworkisoftencomparedtoacandle.Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.
Comparedtotenyearsago,thecarbondioxidecontentoverthisdecadehasgoneuprapidly.Carbondioxideintheatmosphereiscomparedtotheglassofgreenhouse.Comparedwithissimilarto
Peopleoftencompareteacherstogardeners.人们经常把老师比做园丁。Thatprobablydoesntsoundverymuchtoyouormebutitisarapidincrease.comparedtomostnaturalchanges与大多数的自然变化相比18.Thereisnodoubtthat….毫无疑问….Thereisnodoubtthathecancomeontime.
doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether/if/that否定句thatHedoubtedwhethertheywouldbeabletohelp.Heneverdoubtedthattheywouldwinthegame.beyond/withoutdoubt无疑地Itishumanactivitythat…
原句:Myteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.
强调主语:Itwasmyteacherthatdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.强调宾语Itwastheexperimentthatmyteacherdidinthelabyesterdaymorningwithme.强调时间状语Itwasyesterdaymorningthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabwithme.强调地点状语Itwasinthelabthatmyteacherdidtheexperimentyesterdaymorningwithme.强调方式状语Itwaswithmethatmyteacherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdaymorning.not…until…
Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
ItwasuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIdidntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.(错)ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.(对)强调句的一般疑问句句型:Is/Was+被强大的部分+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分?
特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成:特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分(用陈述语序)例如:
DidhehelpyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?
WasithethathelpedyouwithyourEnglishstudylastweek?Whendidyoureceivethegift?
Whenwasitthatyoureceivedthegift?
19.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.如果没有温室效应,地球会比现在冷33℃▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句
=Iftherewereno“greenhouseeffect”,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.
Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodemindustry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。
Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents;otherwisehewouldhavecome.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。20.quantity
1)Helikesreadingandalwaysbuysbooksinquantity.他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。2)Heprefersqualitytoquantitywhenfoodisconcerned.在吃的方面,他重质而不重量
3Alargequantityofair-conditionershasbeensoldsincethetemperaturebegantorise.自从气温升高,大量的空调已经被卖出去了。
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof;大量的…,许多的…inquantity;成批地,大量地
alargequantityof/largequantitiesof之后接可数或不可数名词。
注意:alargequantityof…作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。largequantitiesof…作主语,谓语动词都用复数
Quantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.
HugequantitiesofCO2areaddedtotheatmosphere.
Hugequantitiesoffossilfuelsareburnedtoproduceenergy.
Asaresultofburningfossilfuels,alargeofcarbondioxide___addedtotheatmosphere.A.number;isB.quantity;isC.number;areD.quantity;are
语法:
常考的强调句结构是it引导的句子。
一、Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。
Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.
ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.
KarlboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday.卡尔在玛瓦生日那天给她买了一辆自行车。ItwasKarlthat/whoboughtMarvaabicycleonherbirthday.(强调主语)ItwasMarvaforwhomKarlboughtabicycleonherbirthday.(强调间接宾语)ItwasabicyclethatKarlboughtMarvaonherbirthday.(强调直接宾语)注意区别强调句中的that/who分句与定语从句:
Itwasthestudentthat/whoaskedthesillyquestion.是一个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(分裂句)
Hewasthestudentwhoaskedthesillyquestion.他就是问了这么一个愚蠢问题的学生。(划线部分是定语从句)
二、not...until...的强调形式:Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...“直到…才…”,主要用于强调时间状语的强调句型。
WedidnotbeginstudyingFrenchuntilweentereduniversity.我们进了大学才开始学法语。要强调untilweentereduniversity,就成了:
ItwasnotuntilweentereduniversitythatwebeganstudyingFrench.
______the18thcenturythatmanrealizedthatthewholeofthebrainwasinvolvedintheworkingsofthemind.
A.DuringB.InC.ItwasuntilD.Itwasnotuntil
D对。直到十八世纪,人们才意识到:心理活动与整个大脑有关。三、强调句的疑问句句型1.强调句的一般疑问句句型:
Is/Was+it+所强调的部分+that/who/whom+其它?2.强调句的特殊疑问句句型:
特殊疑问词+is/wasitthat/who/whom+其它?
Whyisitthatyouhatewinter?你究竟为什么不喜欢冬天?
Howwasitthatyoumissedsuchawonderfullecture?你怎么会错过这么精彩的报告?Whenwasitthattheywentabroad?他们什么时候出国的?四、判断强调句的方法
判断是否是强调句是,可把Itis/was…that去掉,剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子,那么这种句子是强调句。ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.→InthestreetImetherfather.
Itwasbecauseshewasillthattheydidntaskhertodothejob.→Becauseshewasill,theydidntaskhertodothejob.
Unit5
1.appointv.任命;委派;约定;指定
IavolcanologistworkingfortheHawaiianVolcanoObservatorytwentyyearsago.
作为一名火山学家,20年前我被派到夏威夷火山观测站工作。(P34)She"sappointedassalesdirector.她被任命为销售部经理。(朗文P66)
I"vebeenappointedtoruntheoverseassection.我被指派经营海外部。(朗文P66)
appointsb.tobe/as...任命/指派某人成为beappointedas/tobe...被任命/指派为appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事appointacommittee任命/组建一个委员会appointthedatefor...确定的日期byappointment按照约定
makeanappointment(with)与约会运用上述词汇完成下面的情景(1)Ihavegotthenewsthattheywill①________anewschoolsecretarytohelptheprinciple.Itissaidyourcousinwillbe②________thesecretary.Ihavemadean③________withhim.④________appointmentwewillmeetthisevening.
【答案】①appoint②appointedas③appointment④By2.match,fit,suit
match用作及物或不及物动词,表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配,即表示“与相配,和一致”;fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词,多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适,合身”;suit表示“适合”,强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人,也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。Yourtiematchesyoursuitwell.你的领带非常适合你的套装。
Theafterschoolprogrammesuitstheneedsofmostofthechildren.课外活动适合绝大多数孩子的需要。Noteveryshoefitseveryfoot.并非每只鞋都合脚。
Howabouteighto"clockoutsidethecinema?That________mefine.
A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits3.
unconsciousadj.失去知觉的;未察觉的
Irusheddownstairsonlytoseemyhostesslyingunconsciousonthefloor,surroundedbyherguests.我急忙跑下楼梯,结果看到我主人躺在那里昏迷不醒,周围是她的客人。(P37)Hewasn"tconsciousofhavingoffendedher.他没有意识到已经冒犯了她。(朗文P363)Shewasconsciousthathedislikedher.她意识到他不喜欢她。(文馨P397)beunconsciousof未觉察到;未意识到fall/becomeunconscious失去意识;不省人事becomeconscious清醒过来beconsciousof意识到beconsciousthat...意识到;觉察到
Shewasnot________ofthemanager"spresenceinthehall.A.accusedB.proudC.consciousD.valuable4.anxiousadj.忧虑的;不安的
Iwassoandcouldn"tmoveatfirst.我如此焦虑不安,开始时走不快。(P38)Helenisanxiousabouttravellingonherown.海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。(朗文P67)
Shecausedherparentsgreatanxietybyrunningawayfromhome.她离家出走使父母非常忧虑。(文馨P77)beanxiousabout担心;焦虑
beanxioustodosth.急切干某事;渴望做某事beanxiousthat...担心beanxiousfor盼望;渴望anxietyabout/over对的担心anxietyfor对的担心
anxietytodosth.渴望干某事的急切心情;做的渴望
Theparentswillbe________unlesstheyknowthattheirchildrenaresafeandsound.A.eagerB.nervousC.anxiousD.conscious5.panicv./n.惊慌;恐慌
Ifeltverynervousandhadtoforcemyselfnotto_______.我感到很紧张,只好迫使自己不要恐慌。(P38)
Shegotintoarealpanicwhenshethoughtshe"dlosttheticket.她十分惊慌,以为自己已把入场券丢了。(朗文P1417)
ShoppersfledthestreetinpanicaftertwobombsexplodedincentralLondon.
两枚炸弹在伦敦市中心爆炸之后,购物者们惊慌失措地逃离了那条街道。(朗文P1417)getintoapanic惊慌失措beinapanic处于恐慌,惊恐中inpanic惊慌地
panicsb.intodoingsth.使某人因惊慌而做某事panicover对感到惊慌inastateofpanic处于惊恐状态
注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked;现在分词是panicking。
Hearingamanfollowingher,she________andranasfastasshecould.A.fearedB.panickedC.afraidD.frightened6.guaranteev.保证;担保
Don"tforgettodropacoinintotheclearbluewaterto_____yourlovewillbeasdeepandlastingasthelakeitself.
别忘了投一枚硬币到清澈的水中,以确保你们的爱情像湖水一样深厚、持久。(P39)Evenifyoucompleteyourtraining,Ican"tguaranteeyouajob.即使你完成了培训,我也无法保证你能有工作。(朗文P868)Canyougivemeaguaranteethattheworkwillbefinishedontime?你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗?(朗文P868)guarantee(sb.)sth.保证(某人)某事物guaranteethat...保证、担保guaranteetodo保证做;担保做beguaranteedtodosth.肯定做某事beunderguarantee在保修期内givesb.aguarantee(that)向某人保证Thereisnoguaranteeof.../that...不能保证
(7)Yourwatchwillberepairedfreeifit"sstill____________(在保修期内).(8)Thecarclubcouldn"t________(保证满足)thedemandsofallitsmembers.【答案】(7)underguarantee(8)guaranteetomeet7.makeone"sway前往;向前;慢慢成功
Itwasnoteasytowalkinthesesuits,butweslowly_____________totheedgeofthecraterandlookeddownintothered,boilingcentre.
穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易,但我们还是缓缓往火山口的边缘走去,并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。(P35)
Wemadeourwaydownthehilltowardsthetown.我们顺着山坡往下朝城里行进。(朗文P2247)Thecrowdsteppedasidetomakewayfortheriders.人群避到一旁,让路给骑马的人。(朗文P2247)feelone"sway摸索着前进fight/pushone"sway推/挤着前进
windone"sway蜿蜒前进forceone"swayout/in挤出去/进来loseone"sway迷路keepone"sway一直前进makewayfor给让路
Workhardwhileyoungandyouwill________.
A.makeitswayB.makeawayC.makeyourwayD.maketheway8.varyfrom...to由到不等
Theheightoftheland700metersabovesealevelover2,000metersandishometoagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.
这里地面的高度从海拔700米到201*米不等,是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。(P39)Teachingmethodsvarygreatlyfromschooltoschool.各个学校的教学方法大不相同。(朗文P2206)Hismoodseemstovaryaccordingtotheweather.他的情绪似乎随天气而变化。(朗文P2206)varyinsth.在方面不同;有差异varywith随变化lackvariety缺乏多样性
avarietyof=varietiesof种种的;各种各样的
注意varietyn.变化;多样性;variedadj.种种的;多姿多彩的;variousadj.种种的(接复数名词或作表语)。
(10)Wearetoldthatrooms________insizebutallhavetelevisionsandtelephone.A.changeB.turnC.varyD.different句型
1.I____________________backtosleepsuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday.
我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。(P34)
句中beabouttodo...when...表示“正要这时”,when引导的从句有“突然”之意,还可以用于下列句型中:
bedoing...when;bejustabouttodo...when;beonthewayto...when;beonthepointofdoingsth....when;hadjustdone...whenIwasabouttogooutwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.我正要出门,这时有人敲门。
Hewaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecaughtsightofacarracingtowardshim.他正走在街上,突然看见一辆汽车朝他冲了过来。Hewasonthewayhomewhenastrangerstoppedhim.他正在回家的路上,这时有个陌生人拦住了他。
Shewasonthepointofjumpingoffthebuildingwhenapolicemancame.她正要跳楼,警察突然拦住了她。Ihadjustgonetobedwhenthetelephonerang.我刚上床睡觉,这时电话响了。
2._____itissaidthat___thisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.
据说,这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。(P39)
句中It"ssaidthat...表示“据说”,可以替换为“Sb./Itissaidto...”,其中的不定式可以有多种形式(一般时、完成时、被动语态)。
Itissaidthatanothertyphoonwillcomesoon.=Anothertyphoonissaidtocomesoon.据说又要来台风了
ItissaidthathisfatherinlawhasbeeninfectedwithAIDS.=HisfatherinlawissaidtohavebeeninfectedwithAIDS.据说他岳父感染了艾滋病。类似句型还有:
It"sreported/announced/supposed/hoped/believedthat...据报道/已宣布/大家认为/大家希望/人们相信
Itiswellknownthat...众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat...已经决定
Itissuggestedthat...有人建议(从句中用should+动词原形,should可省略)Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住语法:
动词不定式的特殊用法
1.不定式的时态:不定式的一般式todo所表示的动作与谓语动作同时或之后发生;进行式tobedoing表示动作正在进行;完成式tohavedone所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110meterhurdlerace.
A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.tobreak【解析】句中不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前,因而使用不定式的完成时。
(201*天津)________theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.
A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete
【解析】分析句子结构可知,空格部分为动词不定式作目的状语;该动作在谓语动作之后发生,因而使用不定式的一般式。
2.不定式的语态:不定式的被动式表示其逻辑主语是该不定式动作的承受者。(201*安徽)Theplay________nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproduced
C.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced
【解析】空格部分作后置定语,且表示将来的动作,逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间有被动关系,因而使用不定式的被动形式。
Thatnovelissaid________intoovertwelvelanguagesbytheendoflastyear.
A.tobetranslatedB.beingtranslatedC.havingbeentranslatedD.tohavebeentranslated【解析】逻辑主语novel与translate之间是被动关系,句末时间状语bytheendof暗示使用不定式的完成时。
3.不定式的省略:有时为了避免重复,可用to来代替前面提到的不定式。如果在省略不定式结构中有be,have,havebeen时,这些词要保留。
I"llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?Notatall.________.
A.I"venotimeB.I"drathernotC.I"dbehappytoD.I"dlikeit【解析】I"dbehappyto=I"dbehappytolookafteryourcat.(201*江苏)What"sthematterwithDella?
Well,herparentswouldn"tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill________.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor
【解析】hopesto是省略形式,不定式符号后省略了“gototheparty”。
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