高中英语语法知识之It的用法总结
高考英语语法知识之It的用法总结
1．Itis+被强调部分+that...该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。
如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.
2．Itwasnotuntil+被强调部分+that...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
3．Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that.....
该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）＂是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
4.Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...
由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.
5.Itissaid(reported,learned....)that...
该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.6.Itissuggested(ordered...)that...
主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省。常译为＂据建议；有命令．．Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.7.Itisapity(ashame...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.8.Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...
该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省。常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.9.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...
该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换．常译为＂这是某人第几次做某事了＂。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.10Itisthe+形容词最高级+名词+that+…..
该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换．常译为＂这是某人做过的最…的事情＂。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thatwastheworstsongthathehadheard.11.Itis....since...该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
Itis(hasbeen)5yearssincehisfatherdied.12.Itis...when...
该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。Itwas5o’clockwhenhecamehere.
比较：Therewasatimewhen+定语从句（曾经一度….；有一个时期…）TherewasatimewhenIraqwasoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.
TherewasatimewhenIwasdisappointedandwantedtoleavehere.13.Itbe...before...
该句型主句中的it指时间,主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long,notlong,3days,2weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为＂．．．之后．．．＂。
Itwas3daysbeforehewenttoBeijing.Itwillbenotlongbeforehefinisheshisjob.14.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that...
该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen,seem等词是不及物动词．Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．
15.Itlooks(seems)asif...
该句型中it无意义。asif引导一个状语从句。常译为，＂看起来好象．．．＂如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．
Itlooksasifheisill.Itlooksasifhewereill.Itseemedasifheweredying.
16.Ittakes/costssb....todosth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
注意：当主语和表语都是不定式时，不能用it作形式主语代替动词不定式。Toseeistobelieve.Torespectothersistoberespected.
17.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good（好心的）,honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice（有教养的）,polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb.iskindtodosth.
Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
18.Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.
如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，
Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty19.Itisnogood/use/fundoingsth.
Itisagreatpleasure/awasteoftime/aboredoingsth.Itisuseless/nice/gooddoingsth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词或动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是名词或形容词。ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.Itisuselesscryingoverspiltmilk.
20.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether(if)...
该句型中whether(if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为＂不论（是否）．．．没关系．．．。Itdoesn’tmatteriftheyareold.21.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。
6：指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel(另外表示人的心理状态的动词还有：like,love,hate,appreciate,don’tmind,dependon等)1：指的是形式宾语it；
2：指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3：指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldhelpme.Ilikeitwhenitrainsinspring.
扩展阅读：高中英语语法知识复习-It的用法讲解及练习60多题
It的用法
It的用法在高考中也是重现率较高的语言点，尤其是it用于强调句。其考查方式多通过“单项填空”进行，偶尔也出现在“短文改错”和“完形填空”中。
1．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently___Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty．A．untilB．thatC．thenD．so
正确答案：B此题考查强调句，所以用that。2．Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull．A．itB．thatC．theseD．them
正确答案：A此题考查it作形式宾语的用法，所以选A。
3．(短文改错)DavidandIdidnotagreeandDavidpointedtoapathwhichhethoughtitwouldprobablyleadtoavillage．
正确答案：去掉it，因为定语从句中已有宾语which。
一、要点点拔
1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)－Whoisthebaby?－Itsmyteachersson．2)－Whoisthatgentleman?
－It"smyfriendTom．He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou．2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如：
1)Itshalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool．2)Itsniceandwarmhere．
3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool．
3．用作形式主语.it没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。
1).It替代真正的主语动词不定式短语.Itiseasiertosaythantodo.Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.
2).it替代真正的主语动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等词作表语的句中.Itsnoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。Itsfoolishtalkinglikethat.
3).it替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it的句子很多,常见的有下面几类：①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)that…
Itisashamethathedidntpasstheexam.
②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious,true,good,possible,clear,etc.)that…。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that…Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.
④Itissaid(decided,expected,etc)that…Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.
4.用作形式宾语。
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,－ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。
1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime．2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk．
3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting．
5．用于强调句型，即“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：
①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday．
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。
1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
1)Itistheywhoareourfriends．
2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswas…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：
1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometeno"clocklastnight．”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．
二、常用句型及考点
I.形式主语型
1.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain…)that…
2.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural…)that…
掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth．
4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…
本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that…本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…
7.Itissaid(reported，learned…．)that…8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…
本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令……”。9.Ithappens(seems，appears)that…10.Ittakessb…todosth．11.Itdoesntmatterwhether…12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth．
本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty,polite，rude，silly,stupid，wise，wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth．14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth．
本句型为“某人(恰恰)是……样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。例：It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers．他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。15.Itisuptosbtodosth．本句型表示“谊由某人做……”。II．强调句型
Itis+被强调部分+that/who…
本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。III．其他句型
1.Itis…since…
本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。
2.Itis…when…
本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。3.Itlooks(seems)asif．．．本句型中的asif引导一个状语从句，常译为“看起来好像……”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．
例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).
例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病).
Exercises:
一．单项选择
1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?
A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then
6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he
7.Idon"tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
8.Does____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A．nowB．manC．thatD．it13．Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A．itB．weC．theyD．them14．________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A．That;itB．It;thatC．It;itD．That;that15．Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.
A．thatheB．thathisC．itheD．ithis
16．Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.
A．itB．themC．usD．you
17．TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A．thatB．thoseC．themD．It18．Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?
Yes,I"vefound________already.
A．itB．thatC．theoneD．thatone19.I"mlookingforaflat.
Wouldyoulike____with____garden?
A．it;theB．it;aC．one;aD．one;the
20．________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A．It;himB．It;heC．That;heD.That;him
21．Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.A．whereB．thatC．inwhichD．onwhich22．________youcometothepartysolate?A．WhyisitB．Whyitis
C．WhyitisthatD．Whyisitthat
23．WereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccidentNo,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt．
A．theywere;thatB．therewas;that
C．itwas;whoD．thereare;who
24．Idon"tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A．thisB．thatC．itsD．it
25．Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar．A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.
A．whileB．whichC．thatD．since
27．________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It
28．Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when
29．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．untilB．thatC．thenD．So30．Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A．itB．thatC．theseD．them
31．Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?Didn"twejusthave________?A．itB．thatC．oneD．this32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied？
A．thatB．WhileC．inwhichD．Then33.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship？A．nowB．thatC．itD．Man
34.Idon"tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork．A．ThisB．thatC．itsD．It
35.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．
A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It
36.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade．A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when
37.____computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A．WhyitisthatB．WhyisitthatC．WhywasitthatD．Whyisit
38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then
39.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
A.nowB.thatC.itD.man
41.Idontthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that
43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does____matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
45.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didnthelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it
46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
47.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
48.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one
49.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so
52.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It____youthat____toblame.
A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?
A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.____electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?
A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.
A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what
57.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris___theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where
58.ManypeoplenowmakearuletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselvesB.itC.thatD.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he60.Itisrainingcatsanddogs..
A.SoitisB.SoisitC.NeitheritisD.Neitherisit
二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。
1.①_____iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround.②____iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.
A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which
2.①_____doesn’tmattermuchwhetherhe’llcometotheparty.②Ifeel____anhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3.①___nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②___noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.Itwas
C.ItisD.Thereis
4.①Wasitthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?②Wasitinthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB
5.①It’sverykind____youtohelpus.②It’sveryimportant_____youtokeepthebalanceofnature.
A.forB.ofC.toDwith.6.①Itisnogood____suchathing.②It’sofnoimportance_____suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.①It"stimethatwe____toschool.
②Itisthesecondtimethatwe_____toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.①It"stomorrow____heisgoingtoBeijing.
②Itwas8o"clock_____hewenttoschool.
A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.①Itis3years____hejoinedthearmy.
②Itwillbe3years____wemeetagain.
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when
答案：
一．单项选择
1-30ABADACDDBDDDCBDABACABDADBCDABA31-60CACDDABADCDBCDDBDDAABBBAACABCA二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。
21.CB22.BB23.CD24.BA25.BA26.CB27.BC28.AB29.CA
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