人教版高一英语必修一单元知识点总结
Unit1friendship目标话题Friendsandfriendship同意和不同意Iagree.Yes,IthinksoSodoIMetoo.目标功能ExactlyNoproblemSure.Certainly.Ofcourse.Allright.Noway.直接引语和间接引语:陈述句和疑问句1.陈述句“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary”saidAnne.目标结构Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2.一般疑问句“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksusThewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.
Unit2Englisharoundtheworld目标话题Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment语言交际困难Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Idon’tunderstand.目标功能Couldyousaythatagain,please?Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.直接引语和间接引语:请求与命令“Lookatthisexample.”TheteachersaidtouaTheteachertoldustolookatthatexample.目标结构“wouldyouliketoseemyflat”sheaskedSheaskedmetoseeherflat.
Unit3traveljournal目标话题Travlling,describingajourney1.讨论未来的计划Whenareyouleaving?Whereareyoustaying?Howareyougoingto?Howlongareyoustayingin….?目标功能2.祝愿和告别Haveanice/goodtime!Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Takecarehavefun!Bestwishes.Sayhelloto……现在进行时表将来Wherearewegoing?目标结构Whenareweleaving?Whenarewecomingback?
Unit4earthquakes目标话题Basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes.谈论过去的经历Itwasterriblewhen……Itseemedasif…目标功能Iremember……Ifelt……Nolongerafterthat……Luckily……定语从句目标结构关系代词that,which,whose,who,whom引导的从句.如:ThisisthegirlthatIteach.Unit5目标话题Thequalitiesofagreatperson1.willingadj:desiringtodowhatiswanted;2.notobjectingeg.Theyarewillingtocome.eg.Heiswillingtodothejobwithoutpayment.’3.prisonn:buildingforconfiningpersonconvicted目标功能oraccusedofacrimeeg.Hewassenttoprisonfordamagingpublicproperty.词组beinprison在狱中，eg.Heisnowstillinprison.put/throwsbintoprison把某人投入监狱Thetwonoblemenput/threwDr.Manetteintoprisonwithoutmercy.1.advisev:suggesteg.Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.这个词跟suggest都表示建议之义，但要表示建议某人做某事只能用advisesbtodosth,不能用suggestsbtodosthadvise,suggest后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。目标结构其名词形式为advice,是一个不可数名词,要表达一条建议只能说成apieceofadvice2.equaladj:thesameinnumber,quality,size,etceg.Everybodyhadanequalchance.beequalto，befitfor胜任eg.Heisnotequaltothejob
扩展阅读：高一英语必修一知识点总结(家教)
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2
☆重点句型☆
1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe表示个人观点的词语
3.Ienjoyreading/I"mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列连词的用法
5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?强调句的特殊疑问句结构
6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语
7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆1.especiallyv.特别地2.imaginev.想像
3.aloneadv./adj.单独，孤独的4.interestn.兴趣
5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻8.sharev.分享
9.carev.在乎，关心10.totaln.总数
11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存，活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.承认
16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除之外19.qualityn.质量
20.favouriteadj.最喜爱的☆重点短语☆1.befondof爱好
2.treatas把看作为
3.makefriendswith与交朋友
4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事5.huntfor寻找6.inorderto为了
7.sharewith与分享8.bringin引进；赚钱
9.agreat/goodmany许多10.havedifficulty(in)doing做有困难11.endupwith以结束12.exceptfor除之外13.comeabout发生14.make(a)fire生火
15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然
20.havea(good)knowledgeof精通☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.befond____喜欢，爱好of
2.hunt____搜索。追寻，寻找for3.into____为了order
4.care____担心，关心about5.such____例如，诸如as
6.dropsba____给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.makeoneselfat____别客气home8.____total总共in
9.except____除了之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about发生come12.end____with以告终up13.bring____引进，引来in
14.agreat____许许多多，极多many
15.be____对深感兴趣，深深迷上into16.____theInternet上网surf
17.____classes逃学，逃课skip
18.get____聚会，相聚，聚集together19.beproud____为感到骄傲of20.keepan____on照看，注意eye21.becurious____对感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____开玩笑about24.____thenameof以名义in25.____thetime总是，一直all☆交际用语☆1.Ithink…
Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...
Myinterestsare...2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?
Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?
Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.
☆单词聚焦☆
1.arguev.的用法
▲构词：argumentn.1.[C]争论2.[U]讨论．辩论3.[C]论据▲搭配：
①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争论某事②arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成／反对某事
③arguethat...主张，认为，争辩说
④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做／不做某事
▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.
⑤settletheargument解决争端
▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争执
【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(201*全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目标]argue名词形式的词义。
[答案与解析]Dargument的词义是“争辩，辩论”。2.comparev.的用法
▲构词：comparisonn.比较
▲搭配：①compare...to...比拟；比作②compare...with/to...将和相比较③comparenotes对笔记；交换意见
【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)
A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目标]compare的用法。
[答案与解析]D本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。3.considerv.的用法
▲构词：considerationn.考虑，思考；体谅，顾及
▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考虑做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...认为／觉得某人③considerthat-clause认为④takesthintoconsideration考虑⑤underconsideration在考虑中
【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
[考查目标]consider的几种常见用法。
[答案与解析]Cconsider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
(1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道，地区；Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。
(2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert["dezot]n.沙漠
desert[dI"zo:t]vt.丢弃；遗弃
Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.
5.difficultyn.
(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事，难点，难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困难
thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困难
thereis(some)difficultywithsth.
dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地／轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?
【注意】
(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜爱的；最喜爱的人或事物(1)adj.最喜爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.
(2)n.[C]最喜爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法
▲构词：funnyadj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的
▲搭配：
①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑
②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐，非认真地，说／做着玩的③befulloffun很好玩
④havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑
⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高兴，玩得(很)开心
⑥It"s(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真开心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很开心
【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We"replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目标]fun构成的短语forfun的意思。
[答案与解析]C，forfun常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法
▲构词：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的
▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目标]imagine的基本用法。
[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9.interest的用法
interestvt.使感兴趣n.兴趣，爱好[U]利息；利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣
▲构词：①interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)②interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的
▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人注意，关心或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣②beinterestedin对感兴趣(关心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关心)；在中有股份、权益等④holdone"sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣⑤intheinterest(s)of为利益；为起见；对有利⑥loseinterestin对不再感兴趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对表示关心(有兴趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin对不(不太)感兴趣⑨withinterest有兴趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培养／有兴趣?loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣
有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.
另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged
[考查目标]interest派生词的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法
▲构词：①proofn.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样
▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人证实②provetosbthat从句向某人证实③prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是，表现出
【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05长春模拟)
A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed
[考查目标]考查prove的意思。
[答案与解析]A本题wasproved的意思是“得到证实”，有被动意味。
11.provide的用法
▲构词：①providern.供给者，供应者，养家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb给提供；以装备
【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred
[考查目标]考查provide的词义。
[答案与解析]Aprovide与with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。
12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...将某物分配、分给③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone"sopinion同意某人的意见
【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目标]此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。
[答案与解析]D四个选项的含义分别为：support支持；care在意，关心；spare挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share分享，分担，与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最佳答案。13.solve的用法
▲构词：solutionn.1.[C](问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法2.[U]解答，解决3.[U]溶解▲搭配：thesolutionto解决的办法
【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)
A.withB.intoC.forD.to
[考查目标]solve名词solution的相关搭配。[答案与解析]D“对于的解决办法”，介词用to。
14.totaln./adj.全部(的)
(1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.
when并列连词，=andthen，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：
(1)bedoing...when...正在做突然Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor"sshop.
(2)haddone...when...刚做了突然Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...刚要做突然Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.
16.whileconj.
(1)while从属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用延续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.
(2)并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven"tenough.
(3)放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。Whilewedon"tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.
[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)
1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)
3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan"tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)
5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)
6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)
7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比较】1.especially,specially
especiallyadv.特殊地；尤其是
(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语)
(2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、专门地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore
boringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I"mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme.
有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人”；过去分词形式，为“感到”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides
表示“除了”的词或短语有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher"saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)
(2)besides除之外，还，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)
(3)exceptfor只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout
(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，认识，熟悉”。Idon"tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.
(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区别。5.forexample;suchas
(1)forexample“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不可有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.
[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出，用thatis或namely。☆短语归纳☆1.含all的短语
1)firstofall首先(强调顺序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall毕竟，终究4)atall到底，根本
5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一点也不7)allthetime始终，一直
8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以
10)allatonce立刘，马上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及
13)allalone独个儿，独立地14)allbut几乎，差一点15)allinall总的说来
16)alltogether一道，同时，总共17)forall尽管
[例句]Iwokeupanddidn"thearhimatall.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn"tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应该责怪他，毕竟，她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要许多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道这事。
【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肃、青海)
A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目标]主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]Aafterall意为“毕竟．终究”；asaresult意为“结果”；inotherwords意为“换句话说”；asusual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。
【考例】I"dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)
A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall
[考查目标]主要考查all构成的四个短语。[答案与解析]Binall意为“总共”；aboveall意为“最重要的是”；afterall意为“毕竟”；atall意为“到底”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。2.atall
(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然”I"msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否定句中，“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中，“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在条件句中，“真的，确实”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于
2)beinterestedin对感兴趣
3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对满意4)befamousfor因而出名5)bekind/goodto对好6)belostin沉湎于
7)beactivein在某方面积极8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充满11)befilledwith充满
12)bemadeof/from由组成13)begenerousto对慷慨14)bepopularwith受欢迎15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜欢，喜爱
17)beangrywith/at对发脾气18)belatefor迟到
19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对感到惊讶20)bebusydoing忙着做
21)beexcitedabout对感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担心23)beusedfor/as用于
24)becuriousabout对好奇
[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很慷慨，结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮助穷人方面，她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lostinthought,hedidn"trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中，没有意识到我进来了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我非常惊讶，不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。【考例l】(201*重庆)
--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.
A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目标]同定搭配中介词的选择。
[答案与解析]Abeslowin意为“在方面反应迟钝”，bepatientwith意为“对有耐心”。
4.endupwith...以结束
(1)endupwith+n.以结束
ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.
(2)endupas...最后成为Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.
(3)endup+地点状语最后(有结局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you"llend(up)inhospital.
5.“make+名词”短语①makeanoise吵闹
②makefaces做鬼脸，做苦脸③makeroomfor给腾出地方④makethebed整理床铺⑤makephonecalls打电话⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney赚钱
⑧makeuseof利用
⑨makeadecision做出决定⑩makeamistake犯错误
[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老师转身时，男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。
Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。
Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.为了给更重要的人物腾出
地方，他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。
【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)
A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目标]主要考查make短语。
[答案与解析]Amakeout意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相”makeoff意为“连忙跑掉”；makeup意为“弥补、打扮、组成”；makeover意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑，所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】
--Whenshallwestart?
--Let"s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目标]此题主要考查make短语。
[答案与解析]Cmakeit“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6.makefire点火
有以下fire(n.)短语:beonfire着火了(表示状态)/catchfire燃着；着火(表示动作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒险的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火烧/make(a)fire点火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火灾
[注意]fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7.agreat/goodmany许多
(1)agreat/goodmany+名词复数，中间无“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one"s+名词复数Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.
8.makeyourselfathome别拘束
(1)makeyourselfathome别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.
(2)(all)byoneself独自(没有别人帮助)Youcan"tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.
(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou"respendingyourholidayinHawaii.
(4)foroneself亲自;为自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.
(5)ofoneself自动地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身体或情绪好Iamnotmyselftoday.
(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.随便Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.
(9)cometooneself苏醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.
9.themajorityof...大多数的
(1)a/themajorityof+名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。themajority单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.
(2)byamajorityof+数字，以超过票的多数Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.
10.treatas把看做Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比较】表示“认为”的短语还有：
regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…
lookon/upon…as…take…for…
[注意]在consideras短语中as可省略，其他短语中不可。
[牛刀小试2]
1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious
2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared
C.to;devotedD.on;affected
3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.
A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn"tdoagoodjob.
--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.
A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall
5.Sincewecan"tfindabiggerapartment,we"llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)
【句型归纳】
1.Idon"tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。
这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如：Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不关心。so的常见句型有：
(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也”)
(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也不”)
(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意为“主语也”)(用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)
(4)so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(意为“主讲确实如此”)，表示进一步肯定。(5)主语+did+so(意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。
【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全国III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn"ttooD.nordoesJohn
[考查目标]nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。
[答案与解析]D由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor,so,neither可引起倒装句。
2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。
该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要注意词序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常见句型：
(1)such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatclause(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+thatclause(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+thatclause
(4)so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatclause(5)so+形容词/副词+thatclause
(6)so+many/few+复数可数名词+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可数名词+thatclause
注意：①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍然要用such。②当so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。
【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)
A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel
[考查目标]so+adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。
[答案与解析]DA、C语序不对，排除。B时态不对。
3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于andjust或andatthattime.这时不能用while/as替换。
常见句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...
【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目标]"when"作连词，表示“正在这时”。
[答案与解析]A意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不学会收集淡水．寻找食物，生火什么的。
该句中的“howItocollect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑问词which,what,how,when,where等与小定式构成不定式短语。
【考例】I"veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目标]whattodosth不定式短语作宾语。[答案与解析]B该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行，排除C。
5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊，查克叫他威尔森。
1.该句中的"inorderto"，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause
注意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句与从句的主语一致时，四个结构可以相互转换。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can,could,may,might等情态动词连用。
【考例】(201*北京)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目标]目的状语。
[答案与解析]Dassoonas“一就”；asaresult“结果是”；incase“万一”；sothat“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。2.该句子中volleyball是作同位语。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.
注意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。
【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.
A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目标]one作同位语，指代amoment。
[答案与解析]Bthat不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A；if不能作同位语，排除C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。
6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词．表示前后对比，意为“然而”。“while"充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“duringthetimethat”；引导让步状语从句，意为“although”。2.该句中的"stay"为系动词。后接表语(thesame)。除了stay外，常见的系动词还有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。
【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon"tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.
A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目标]系动词的用法。
[答案与解析]B系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进行
时态，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系动词表示状态。7.forthefirsttime第一次
(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.
(2)thefirsttime名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It"s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+从句(用现在完成时)这是的第一次It"sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么?强调句的用法：
(1)结构：Itis/Itwas(过去时间)+被强调部分+that/who(专指人)+其他部分
(2)用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每部分均可强调。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.
主语宾语地点状语时间状语
强调主语：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.强调宾语：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.强调地点状语：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.强调时间状语：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意点：
一般疑问句的强调句：
WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑问句的强凋句：
Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?
notuntil用于强调句：
ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.
[牛刀小试3]
1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*广西)
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI
C.SamewithmeD.SodoI
2.Wecan"timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.
A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so
3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.
A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once
4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(201*天津)
A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)
【交际速成】
1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03东北三校)
A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please
C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot
[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。
【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.
(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.
(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.
(6)I"minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.
(9)Idon"tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon"tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I"mnotintoclassicmusic.
(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉
--I"msorryI"mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.(201*北京春招)
A.ThisisB.You"reC.That"sD.I"m
[答案与解析]C本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。
【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有：
(1)I"mverysorry.Ididn"tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I"mterriblysorryaboutthat.
(3)I"mafraidI"vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.应答表达有：(1)That"s/It"sallright.(2)That"s/It"sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn"tmatter.(5)It"snothing.(6)Forgetit.
(7)Don"tworryaboutthat.
(8)Don"tmentionit.
3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication谈论语言交际困难--I"msorry.Ican"tcatchyou.____--OK,it"sBLACK.
A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon"tunderstandyou．
C.What"sthemeaningofthisword?D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?
[答案与解析]D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯，故正确答案是D。【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou.
(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish."?
(5)Idon"tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon"tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I"msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.
(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?
(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小试4]
1.--____Ididn"thearyouclearly.It"stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?
--____.Butanyhow,it"sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially
3.--I"msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It"sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It"syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.
A.Ididn"tmeanitB.Ididn"tmeantoC.Idon"tmeanitD.Idon"tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I"mtiredofit.
A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)
【精典题例】
1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.
--____,and____.
A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou
C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave【解析】选A答句中的he指David，不倒装。“Sohaveyou”意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。2.Little____whatothersthink.
A.doeshecareaboutB.careheaboutC.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe【解析】选Alittle为否定副词，置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.
A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played
【解析】选Cwhatheenjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playingfootball。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。
4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.A.unexpectingB.disappointing
C.disappointedD.interesting【解析】选B联系语境，所有在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】选D"when"表示“就在这时，突然”。6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】选Afrightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感到害怕”。
7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widely
C.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely【解析】选Beveryday“日常的，每天的”；widely“广泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I"vegotagirlfriend.--What"sshelike?--____.
A.Idon"tknowB.She"slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty
【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。
9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】选Cbeout"火熄灭”，表示状态。
10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbespared
C.savedD.bespent
【解析】选Asuggest后用虚拟语气。beshared前可省略should。
11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecan
D.interests;asbooksasshecould
【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。12.--How"stheyoungman?--____.A.He"stwentyB.He"sadoctorC.HeismuchbetterD.He"sDavid【解析】选Chowissb.“某人身体如何”。
13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share【解析】选Dshare“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”，表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?
--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers
【解析】选Dconsideras“认为是”，as可省略。
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4☆重点句型☆
1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法
2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)问候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?进行时表将来
4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)
5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not
6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的状语从句
7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn"tmove.结果状语从句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.过去分词作状语
9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.现在分词作状语10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn"ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重点词汇☆
1.meansn.方法；途径2.experiencen.经验3.equipmentn.设备4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保护6.handlev.处理7.considerv.考虑8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特别的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并
12.unforgettableadj.不会忘记的13.advancev.前进14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奋斗16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毁掉19.publishv.出版
20.naughtyadj.调皮的☆重点短语☆
1.getawayfrom逃离
2.watch/lookout注意，当心
3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如一样5.seeoff为某人送行
6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顾
8.getclose/nearto接近，凑近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的树10.aswallas也，和一样(好)
11.protectfrom保护不受的伤害12.besurprisedat因而吃惊
13.becaught/trapped/struckin被困住14.takeplace发生
15.gothrough通过，经过；经历(痛苦的事)16.beupon临近，逼近17.holdonto紧紧抓住
18.referto提到，说到；查询(信息)
19.lookinto注视的内部；检查，调查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你一定能过关．做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.get____from逃离away
2.watch____注意，当心out
3.protectsb/sth____保护／保卫某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也，还，而且well7.____place发生，产生take8.____fire失火on
9.pullsb____把往上拽up
10.get____one"sfeet站立起来；站起身来on11.go____通过，经受。仔细检查through12.____holiday在度假on
13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近，临近upon
15.____exercise进行体育锻炼take16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人问候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去远足for
19.becaught____受困于，陷于in20.____asecond马上，一会儿in21.look____往里面看，调查into22.refer____提到．涉及；参考to23.hold____抓住，握住onto24.sweep____冲走，刮走away25.sweep____冲倒，吹倒down☆交际用语☆
1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It"sallright．6.I"mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.
9.Don"tworry.
10.First...,next...,then...,finally...
☆单词聚焦☆1.advance的用法
▲构词：advancedadj.高等的．先进的，高深的▲搭配：
①inadvance在前头，预先，事先
②inadvanceof在前面；比进步；超过
③ontheadvance(物价)在上涨
【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased
[考查目标]本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]C“高等数学”的英译是advancedmaths，advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。
2.before的特殊用法
(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我还没来得及拦住他，他就跑出了屋子。
(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周过去了，我们才意识到。(或：时间不知不觉已过三周了。)
(3)Itwasn"t/didn"ttakelongbeforehereturned.他没过多久就回来了。Itwon"tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3.chance的用法
▲搭配：
①byanychance万一，碰巧，或许②bychance偶然，意外地③takea/one"schance冒一冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
【考例6】(201*南京模拟)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.
A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目标]chance的词义。
[答案与解析]Cchance在本句的词义是“机会”。4.considerv.
(1)考虑
A)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.B)consider+疑问词+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)认为
A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.
IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.
TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedone
Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.
除了consideras表认为外，还有regardas，lookonas，takeas，thinkofas5.cost的用法
▲构词：costlyadj.昂贵的，贵重的▲搭配：
①costsb.sth.花费某人(多少钱)；让某人付出(代价)／牺牲②atallcosts不惜任何代价．无论如何③atanycost不惜任何代价，无论如何④atcost(price)按成本价格，按原价
⑤atthecostof以为代价，用换来的；丧失；牺牲
【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.A.payB.spendC.costD.waste[考查目标]本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。[答案与解析]Ccost的意思是“耗费”，主语是指物的名词．而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。6.effectn.效果；作用
haveaneffectonsth.
Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect无效
(2)comeintoeffect开始生效；开始实行
[比较]affectvt.影响Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法
▲构词:experiencedadj.有经验的，熟练的▲搭配:
①byexperience凭经验；从经验中②fromexperience凭经验；从经验中③gainexperiencein获得经验
④beexperiencedin某方面有经验
▲友情提示:experience这个词作为可数名词用时，解释为“经历”，作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。
【考例】(201*山西模拟)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.
A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents
[考查目标]experience的意思。
[答案与解析]Cexperience常为不可数名词，意思是“经验”。8.fearn.&vt.
(1)n.恐惧(多作不可数名词)Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.忧虑；担心的事(可数)
Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.
forfearof由于怕，以防
Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐；怕的是；以防
Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕；担心
Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐惧；害怕，接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐惧；害怕，接todo
Don"tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕；担心，接从句
Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.
▲构词：fearfuladj.可怕的，严重的；惧怕的，胆怯的；担心的，忧虑的fearlessadj.不怕的，大胆的，勇敢的，无畏的▲搭配：
①beinfear(of)(为而)提心吊胆
②forfearof因为怕；以免，怕的是
③forfearthat-clause生怕；为了防止(某事发生)④haveafearthat-clause担心／怕(发生某事)⑤withfear吓得，怕得
⑥fear(vi.)for...担心／忧虑
【考例】(201*江苏)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadof
C.forfearofD.insearch
[考查目标]fear构成的短语的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]Cforfearof常在句中作状语，意思是“怕的是。担心”。9.funn.高兴；乐趣；有趣的人或事(1)forfun为了高兴；为着好玩Ionlydiditforfun.
(2)makefunof开的玩笑；取笑Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.
[比较]
(1)laughat笑(某人)；嘲笑
It"sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.(2)playajokeon开(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段；办法
(1)bymeansof用；依靠
Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.
(2)byallmeans一定；务必；(表示同意)当然可以，没问题：务必，无论如何，千方百计地
Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是；一点也不；决不
Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.
还有：bythismeans用这种方法；byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD．helps[考查目标]bymeansof短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通过某种手段”。11.normaladj.正常的；正规的thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular规则的；有规律的
keepregularhours生活有规律；按时作息(2)common普通的；常见的
TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的；共同的haveacommoninterest有着共同爱好(3)usual惯常的；惯例的
It"susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的；普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配：
①allatonce突然；同时②atonce立刻，马上；同时
③(every)onceinawhile偶尔，有时，间或
④forthisonce(=foronce，justforonce)就这一次；破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次，多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次
⑧onceandagain一再，再三
⑨onceortwice一两次；有时，偶尔⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次?onceuponatime从前
【考例】(201*上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.
A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless[考查目标]连词once的用法和词义。
[答案与解析]Bonce在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.宁愿；更喜欢(1)prefer+n./pron.
Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ing
Doyoupreferlivingabroad?
(3)prefer+todo
Shepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.
Shepreferredhimtostayathome.
(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜欢而不喜欢Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.
(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.
(7)prefer+从句(谓语动词用shoulddo，should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.14.protect的用法
▲构词：protectionn.保护(者/物)，防御
▲搭配：protectsbfrom/against防止遭受；使免于，保护使不受【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目标]protect及其派生词的词义。
[答案与解析]Bself-protection是名词，意思是“自我保护”。15.separate的用法
▲构词：separationn.[U]分开，分离
▲搭配：
①separateAfromB把A和B分开
②AisseparatedfromBbyA和B为所分开／阻隔③separatesth(up)into把分成(几分)
▲辨析：separate;divide;part都含“分开”的意思。
separate指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗?
divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”，还有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET201*)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目标]动词separate的词义。
[答案与解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被动意义，表示“被隔开；被分隔”。[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents"Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)
5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆词语比较☆
1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon
(1)wearv.穿着；戴；蓄须(发)；磨损；(脸容)呈现，显出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破；(把)用坏；(使)疲乏；(使)耗尽Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.
(2)puton穿上；戴上(侧重穿着的动作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.(3)dressvt.给穿衣服n.衣服；连衣裙
dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.
(4)haveon表示穿着的状态，注意不能用进行时。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿着的状态Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon试穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat
(1)hitvt.
①打；敲；击；击中；射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使受到打击Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.
①连续有节奏地打；敲
Therainheatagainstthewindow.
②(心)跳动Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鸟翼)扑动
Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打败；打赢；取胜
Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.
①打；敲；击；砍；打中；击中Hestruckmewithhisfist.
Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②发起进攻；袭击
Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞；触(礁)
Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)
Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.
⑤(某种想法)忽然出现；忽然想起，相当于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.⑥给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)
Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.
⑦罢工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.
⑧(钟)敲(响)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finish
complete可作形容词，表示“彻底的；全面的”。complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。
(1)complete作及物动词，只接n.或pron.，常用于完成预定的任务，工程建设等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.
(2)finishvi./vt.指完成，结束一件事情；可接n.或doing。如：finishone"shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短语归纳☆
1.cutdown
(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)减少；削减Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短语
①getback回来，恢复，送回
②getoff下来，动身，起飞③getup起床，站起来④geton上(车)
⑤geton/alongwith与某人相处．某事的进展⑥gettogether聚首，碰头⑦getawayfrom逃离⑧getonone"sfeet站起来⑨getdown下来⑩getonwellwith与相处融洽
?getmarried结婚?getto到达?getthrough通过，接通
?getdownto开始着手做某事
?getacross(使)通过?get(a)round传开，说服
?getin进入。收获?getout出去，逃脱
[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意进展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/Ican"tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。
【考例】(201*辽宁)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It"stimeforusto____ourstudies．A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。
[答案与解析]Agetdownto意为“开始着手做某事”；getout意为“离开，摆脱”；getbackfor意为“回去拿”；getover意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。
【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.
A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。[答案与解析]Cgetover意为“痊愈，克服”；getin意为“插话”；getalong意为“进展．继续”；gelthrough意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。3.getaway(from)
(1)摆脱Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走开；离开Shedidn"tgetawayuntilninelastnight.
(3)逃走，使离开Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!4.getcloseto
(1)closeadj.靠近；接近Thechurchisclosetotheshops.亲密；密切
Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近；接近
Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.
(3)closev.关上；关闭(不开发)；结束
Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(闭上)(4)closelyadv.紧密地；仔细地；密切地
Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比较]
(1)close与closely作副词时，close含具体之意，closely含抽象之意。(2)类似的词组有high(高)--highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地)，wide(很开，宽)--widely(广泛地)，low(低的)--lowly(低贱的)(作形容词)5.handin交上去(给老师或上级)；交来(handv.)Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比较]
(1)handdown传下来；传给Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.(2)handonto传给，传递Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout发给大家；散发Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson．
6.insteadof代替
(1)insteadof+n./pron.
Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.
(2)insteadof+doing
Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介词短语
Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比较]
(1)insteadadv.作为替代(而)，代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.
(2)ratherthan而不是，与其宁愿Heranratherthanwalked.
(3)inplaceof代替，而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.7.含take的短语①takeapicture照相，拍照
②takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交车等)③takeaway拿走，夺取，使离去④takecareof小心，照料，保管⑤takeoff脱，去掉，取消，起飞
⑥takeout拿出，带出去
⑦takeone"splace就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置⑧takeplace发生，产生⑨takeexercise做运动⑩takeaseat坐下?taketurns轮流
?takeanactivepartin积极参加?takeamessage捎口信?takeon从事，呈现?taketheplaceof取代，代替?takeapart拆开?takedown拿下，记下?take...for...误认为?takein吸收，接纳
?takeup拿起．从事．占据
[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/Willyoulakecareofbuyingthewinefortonight"sparty?你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了队，以便我能够回去弄点儿吃的。8.usedto
(1)usedtodosth.过去常常(现在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意：否定句和疑问句有两种Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.Shedidn"tuse(d)todoit,didshe?
Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn"tyou?/use(d)n"tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing习惯于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用来做
Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.
表示“过去常常”时，usedto与would区别：
(1)would只强调“过去常常”，usedto说明现在不是如此。Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.
(2)would只接行为动词，usedto可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.9.watchout当心；注意You"llbecheatedifyoudon"twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防；当心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看；看守；负责
Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“动词+out”短语
①comeout出来，出版，传出②goout出去，熄灭，不时兴③lookout当心，注意
④takeout拿出，取出，带出去⑤rushout冲出去，匆忙大量生产⑥tryout尝试，试验
⑦watchout小心
⑧wearout穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨⑨findout找出，查出
⑩makeout填写，完成．设法应付?getout出去，逃离，泄露，公布?pickout看出，选出?thinkout想出
?giveout发出，筋疲力尽?setout出发，陈述
[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心，火车来了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。
【考例】(201*湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.A.findoutB.pickout
C.lookoutD.speakout
[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。[答案与解析]Bpickout意为“挑选，辨别出”；findout意为“找出．发现”；lookout意为“留神，注意”：speakout意为“大声说出”。[牛刀小试2]
请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：
(getaway，takeup，takeon，thinkout，getdownto)
1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I"mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)
3.Themanagerdoesn"thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)
5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)
☆句型归纳☆
1.Youshouldn"tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你会游泳，而且要一直穿着救生衣，否则就不应该去做漂流运动。该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如：Onecan"tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.
unless引导的条件状语从句，一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。
【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目标]状语从句。
[答案与解析]B句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作，这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。
2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生态游可以找到既帮助别人．又帮助动植物的途径。
该句中的aswellas是连词，连接两个并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.常见的用法:
1.well是副词，意思是“好，优秀”，aswellas是形容词同级比较结构。
2.aswellas是固定短语，意思是“和”，相当于"notonlybutalso..."。
3.aswellas连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
4.aswellas还可当作复杂介词用，意思是“除了之外，还有”；相当于"besides，apartfrom"。5.aswell，是副词短语，意思是“也”，相当于“too/also”常位于句尾，与too位置相当。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“还是的好”。
【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.
A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目标]aswellas连接比较状语从句。
[答案与解析]B该句中ifnotbetterthan相当于插入语，起干扰作用，如果不予考虑，原句就变成了同级比较结构"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。
3.Beforeshecouldmove，sheheardaloudnoise.她还没有来得及动弹，就听见很响的声音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但还没有回过身来，洪水便逼近了她。
该两句中的before用作连词，后接时间状语从句。before用作连词，接时间状语从句时，表示“在之前”。但在不同的语境中，往往有比较灵活的译法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一点把我撞倒，才看到我。
【考例】(201*广东)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目标]时间状语从句的引导词选择。
[答案与解析]Bbefore表示“直到”。
4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深达三米，树一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水冲断了。
该句中的musthavebeen表示推测。例如：Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.情态动词may，might，most．can，could常用来表示推测。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may，might，must，can，could后接动词原形表示对现在的推测；may，might，must，can，could后接havedone。表示对过去的推测。例如：
Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.
【考例】(201*辽宁)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.{"Error":{"code":"8","Message":"badrequest","LogId":"1800058577"}}(1)现在进行时表近期的，事先已经计划安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?
--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo
①表客观将来。shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、
二、三人称。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.
②表有科学根据的预测。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.③表客观必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto
①表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I"mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根据已有迹象的预测。It"ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit"sgoingtorain.
③begoingto不与come,go连用，而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]
表计划、安排、规定要做的事，用“be+todo”。此外，表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小试3]
1.____youcallmetosayyou"renotcoming,I"llseeyouatthetheatre.(201*吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless
2.Nowthatyou"vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswell
C.mightaswellasD.wouldrather
3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(201*天津)A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before
4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(201*上海春招)
A.didn"ttheyB.don"tthey
C.mustn"ttheyD.haven"tthey
5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC
☆交际速成☆
【考点1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.谈论意愿和打算(201*江苏)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon"tknow.____.A.That"sOKB.Nevermind
C.ItdependsD.Itdoesn"tmatter
[答案与解析]C本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉，B、D两项用于回答道歉，C项表示“看情况而定”。【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有：①I"llgowithyou.
②I"mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.③I"dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.④Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.⑤IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I"mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...??Whenareyougoingoffto...??Howareyougoingto...?
【考点2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(201*广东)
Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I"msurewewillwin.Mike:____!
A.CongratulationsB.Cheers
C.BestwishesD.Goodluck
[答案与解析]D考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于书面语，表示“万事如意”的意思。
【归纳】英语中常见表达祝愿的用语有：①Haveagoodday/time!②Haveagoodjourney/trip!③Goodluck!④Enjoyyourself!⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!应答语有：①Thankyou.
②You,too.
③Thesametoyou.
【考点3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(201*上海春招)
--I"mafraidIcan"tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.
A.PleasegoaheadB.That"sallright
C.NotatallD.Takeyourtime
[答案与解析]D本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧，说吧”，用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语，D项表示“别着急，慢慢来”，符合语境。【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有：
①(恐惧)Help!/Howterrible!/I"mafraidof.../I"mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高兴)(It"s)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That"sgreat!/I"mpleasedto...③(惊奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!
④(忧虑)What"swrong?/what"sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?
⑤(安慰)There,there./Don"tbeafraid.／Don"tworry./It"s(quite)allright./It"llbeOK/allright.⑥(满意)Good!/Welldone!／Perfect!/That"sfine./That"sbetter.
⑦(遗憾)I"msosorry!/It"sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That"stoobad!
⑧(同情)I"msosorry!/I"msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I"msorrytohearthat.⑨(愤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!
⑩(鼓励)Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit![牛刀小试4]
1.--I"dliketotakeaweek"sholiday.--____,we"retoobusy.
A.Don"tworryB.Don"tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme
2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.
--____,butdon"tgiveitup.
A.FindoutthereasonB.Nevermind
C.I"msorrytohearthatD.Youdon"t"meanthat
3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight"sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn"tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It"snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.Goahead
C.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I"dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon"tmind.--____.
A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,Ilikeso
C.No,it"snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD☆精典题例☆
1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET201*春上海)
A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
【解析】选C本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧，会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项，表示现阶段在进行的动作。
2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.
A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe
【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.A.takesoffB.tookoff
C.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?
--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn"tworking;isbeingrepaired
B.doesn"twork;isbeingrepairedC.isn"tworking;isrepairedD.doesn"twork;isrepaired
【解析】选Bdoesn"twork说明“手表不工作”的状态，而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”，故应用isbeingrepaired。
5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.
A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping
【解析】选Bbeconsideredtobe“被认为是”；considerdoing“考虑做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as
【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及时纠正错误”。
7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.
--Itdoesn"tmatter.I____lendyoumine.
A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will
【解析】选Dbeto表示按计划安排将来的动作，begoingto表示最近打算做某事，will在此是情态动词，表示“意志；意愿”。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.
8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.
A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying
【解析】选B前后时态要保持一致。
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6☆重点句型☆
1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.连词+名词做时间状语
2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid连词+过去分词做时间状语
3.Whendrinkingtosomeone"shealth,youraiseyourglasses.连词+现在分词做时间状语4.It"sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主语5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列连词
6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...动名词做主宾语☆重点词汇☆1.commentv.评论2.marryv.结婚3.createv.创造4.attackv.进攻5.crueltyn.残酷6.escapev.逃跑
7.advicen.忠告；建议
8.affordv.花得起(钱、时间)9.encouragev.鼓励10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打断；打扰12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.请求；祈祷14.forgivev.原谅；宽恕15.matchv.相配；相适应16.mannersn.礼貌17.impressionn.印象
18.liveadj.&adv.活的；直播的(地)19.customn.习惯；风俗20.introducevt.介绍；引进☆重点短语☆
1.takeoff脱掉；起飞；成功2.gowrong出错；出问题
3.can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone"splace代替某人5.runafter追逐；追踪
6.winaprize获奖
7.thinkhighlyof赞扬；对高度评价
8.callfor需要；索取9.inall总共
10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney挣钱12.winover争取过来13.workon从事，致力于
14.owesuccessto把成功归功于某人15.startwith以开始16.runawayfromschool逃学17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch进行调查19.speedup加速
20.followthefashion追随时尚
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?
l.____screen银幕，电影(业)
2.take____成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞3.____wrong走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病4.owesth____sb把归功于某人5.____all总共；总之6.stay____不在家，外出7.____school小学
8.locksb____将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来9.run____追赶
10.bringsb____送回某人11.____theair正在播出的
12.thinkhighly____对高度评价13.leave____省去；遗漏；不考虑14.stare____盯着
15.make____aboutsb以某人为笑柄
16.drink(atoast)____为祝酒；为干杯17.win____战胜
18.____commentson对加以评论
19.looksb____看望，拜访某人
20.____arolein在中扮演角色；在方面起作用21.____aprize获奖
22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉
23.makeagoodimpression____给留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜访☆交际用语☆
1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?
2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?
3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?
5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I"m(very/so/terribly)sorry.It"sallmyfault.7.That"sallright./That"sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I"msorry.Ididn"tmeanto...10.Let"sdrink(atoast)to...!☆单词聚焦☆1.afford
(1)(和can，could，beableto连用)有(时间、经济等)条件(做某事)+todoWecan"taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起；买得起等)
Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.(2)经得起(做某事或发生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法
▲构词：apologyn.辩解，道歉▲搭配：
①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
②apologizeforoneself为自己辩解或辩护
【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.
A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目标]apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。[答案与解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配：
①makeachoice选择
②makechoiceof挑选，选择，选定③make/takeone"schoice任意挑选
④havenochoicebuttodosth非不可，除之外别无他法
【考例】[MET1993]We"vemissedthelastbus,I"mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection[考查目标]choice的意思和习惯搭配。
[答案与解析]Bchoice是choose的名词形式．意思是“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干”。4.determine的用法
▲构词：determinationn.决心，决断，决意；决定，确定▲搭配：
①determinetodosth决定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth决定③amanofdetermination有决断力的人
▲辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而
determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。在bedeterminedtodo这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：Atfirst，shedecidedtogotothepolice，起初，她决定去找警察
▲友情提示:decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断
定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。Thedeterminationofthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。
注：在determinetodo...，determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他决定学医。
注：decidesbtodosth决定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?
【考例】[201*京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目标]determine的用法。
[答案与解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲构词：
①encouragingadj.鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激励的，受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓励，激励④discouragev.使泄气；劝阻
▲搭配：①encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事②beencouragedby受鼓励／鼓舞【考例】[201*北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目标]encourage的用法。
[答案与解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。
6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping
(1)逃走；跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy"sprison.(2)逃脱；逃避+n./doing
Henarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.
There"snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape还可表示：①（液体等）漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤气从管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。
②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不开他。③疏忽，忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不过他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher"sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。escapen
①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。
②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她读爱情小说解闷。7.hunt的用法
▲构词：huntern.猎人，搜寻者▲搭配：
①huntfor/after追猎；寻找，搜寻②huntout找出；调查出
【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor
[考查目标]本题考查huntfor的意思。
[答案与解析]Ahuntfor原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。
8.impressionn.印象
(1)impression(onsb.)(给某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.(2)impression(ofsth.)(对某事物)印象；想法That"smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.给予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人铭记Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻断；中断Don"tinterruptme.别打断我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。
②打岔；插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。“Don"tinterrupt,”hesaid.“别插话,”他说。▲构词：
①interruptern.打岔者，打断者
②interruptionn.打岔．打断，使中断的事物
【考例】[201*山西模拟]Bequiet!It"srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目标]interrupt的词义。
[答案与解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”．后接指人或指物的各种名词。
10.marry
(1)vi.结婚Hedidn"tmarryuntilhewasfifty.(2)vt.和结婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.
(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女儿)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.
(4)vt.(教士等)为主持结婚仪式We"vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比较]
(1)getmarried(tosb.)强调动作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)强调状态Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.
①片刻；瞬间Hewillbehereinamoment.他一会儿就来。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。
②时机；机遇；时宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你选个合适的时机去拜访他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件极重要的事情
▲搭配：
①atanymoment随时；在任何时候；马上②atthelastmoment在最后关头③atthemoment此刻；(正当)那时④everymoment时时刻刻
⑤foramoment片刻
⑥inamoment一会儿，不久；立即，马上
⑦themoment(that)...一就
【考例】[NMET201*II]"CanI?Idon"tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."
A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目标]moment的词义。[答案与解析]Dmoment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配：
①（常与for连用）欠，欠债Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost￡4,butIonlypaid￡3soIstillowe￡1.食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。Ioweyouanapology.我该向你道歉。☆owesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth为欠某人
②对负有义务；感恩；感激Weoweourparentsalot.我们十分感激父母。
③（常与to连用）归功于；由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功归功于幸运。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher"sencouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
【考例】[201*湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]Aowe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。13.reasonn.原因；理由
(1)+todosth.Youhaven"tanyreasontoleaveme.
(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.
(3)+从句；从句用why/forwhich引导Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason，为了某种原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比较]cause“原因；起因”
thecauseofthefire火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)14.role
(1)(戏剧中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(现实生活中的)身份；作用WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?
(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在中扮演角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.15.servev.
(1)为服务／工作Aslaveserveshismaster.
(2)接待(顾客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.
(3)侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜)Lunchisservednow.
(4)serveas充任(某职务)作用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配：
①atahighspeed以很大的速度
②atfull/topspeed用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；③withgreat/anspeed用全速，开足马力④speedup加速，快点
【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速，快点”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝视，注视
Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。
[习惯用语]stareoneintheface近在眼前；摆在眼前
▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。
gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon"tneedbookcasesatall."她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”
stare特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。glare表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。
【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch
[考查目标]stare等近义词辨别。[答案与解析]Dwatch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stareat却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18.trouble(1)麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事(可数，不可数)Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.
(2)困难；费事(不可数)havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroubleinfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon"thaveanytroublewiththework.
[相关短语]
(1)askfortrouble自寻烦恼；自找麻烦Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.
(2)(be)introuble有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.
(3)putsb.totrouble给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.
(4)taketroubletodosth.费心做某事；费心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.
[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)
1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater，wehadto____up.
5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.
6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.☆词语比较☆
1.win,beat,defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语(1)winv.赢，获胜，接比赛或奖项winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.
(2)beat+对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表战胜，接对手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast
三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：
finally一般用在句中动词前面，而atlast与intheend的位置则较为灵活；
三者中atlast语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.
另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea
(1)bysea“走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同byship同义。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.
(2)bythesea“在海边”，相当于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren"sDay.
(3)inthesea“在海里，在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”，“在海岸边”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.
(5)atsea在海上；在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.(1)beafraid意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接so或not，也可接that从句。I"mafraid(that)其语意相当于I"msorry,but...。
--Areweontime?我们准时吗?--I"mafraidnot.恐怕不准时。I"mafraidyou"llgetcaughtintherain.
(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.
(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.
5.live,living,alive,lively
(1)liveadj.
①活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.
②实况直播的(不是录音)Itwasn"tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.
(2)livingadj.活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)(3)aliveadj.①活着的；②有活力的；有生气作后置定语：Who"sthegreatestmanalive?
作表语：Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.作补语：Let"skeepthefishalive.
(4)livelyadj.活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup
(1)takeoff
①(飞机)起飞Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.
②脱下(衣裳等)；取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?③休假；请假；歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.
④(指观念、产品)大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.
(2)takedown
①拿下来；取下来Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.②记下来Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.(3)takein
①接受(房客，客人等)；收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解；领会；明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.
③包括；涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.④使上当；欺骗Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.(4)takeon
①接受；从事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.
(5)takeup
①从事某项活动；发展某种爱好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.
②开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.
③占去(时间或空间)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.
④接受I"dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup
(1)callfor
①来找(某人)；来取(某物)I"llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求；需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
(2)callon
①callon/uponsb.拜访；去会(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.请／叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③号召；呼吁；要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.
(3)callup
①给打电话(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役；调用(后备部队)Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.
8.toomuch,muchtoo
(1)toomuch“太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.(2)muchtoo“简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.9.custom,habit
(1)custom指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.
(2)habit指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成习惯”常
用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型；“戒掉习惯”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It"seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.10.arise,rise,raise
raisevt.“使上升；升起；提高”等；
risevi.“上升；升起”；arisevi.“站起来(standup)”，“起床(getup)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出现)☆短语归纳☆
1.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事Shecouldn"thepsmiling.
[比较]
(1)can"thelpbutdo不得不；不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan"thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.
(2)cannotbut不能不，只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[归纳]
(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.
(2)help...withsth.帮助做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.
(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.给自己/别人夹菜/拿烟等；擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?
(4)help...insth.在方面帮助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.
(5)helpout帮忙(做事；克服困难等)I"veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe"sbeenabitshortofmoney.
2.含go的短语
①goaround到处走／跑．(疾病)流传，(谣言)传开；goafter追求；goahead说吧，请吧，做吧；goaway离开，出去
②goback走网头路，翻悔改变；gobad变坏；goboating去划船③gofishing去钓鱼；goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行；gohome回家⑤goinfor喜爱，从事于；gointo进入，加入⑥gomad发疯
⑦gooff离去，去世；goon继续，进展，依据；goondoing继续做；goout出去，发出去，熄灭，不时兴；goover研究，检查，搜查
⑧goshopping去商店；goskating去滑冰；gostraightalong沿着；goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通过，经受，仔细检查；gotobed上床⑩goup上升?gowrong走错路，误入歧途
[例句]We"llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我们要逐条研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的习惯。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要过来．我们一起检查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演讲持续很长时间，结果人们开始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那个短语已经过时了，现在没有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn"trealizedthathehasgonewrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife，Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厌烦与妻子一起去购物，刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。
【考例2】(201*北京)Idon"t____rock"n"roll.It"smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywithC.gointoD.goinfor
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Dgoafter追求；goawaywith带走；gointo进入，加入；goinfor喜爱，爱好。根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜欢”。
【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.
A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout
[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Dputup挂起；givein屈服；turnon打开；goout熄灭。本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子，因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。3.gowrong
(1)走错路；弄错方向
(2)失败；不顺利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)发生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比较]表示“变为”的系动词
(1)go表示由积极向消极方面变化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如：gomad/pale/blind/hungry
(2)become/get表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方
面变化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.
(3)turn多接表颜色的词Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.
注意：becomeawriter
(4)grow侧重变化过程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall进入某种状态Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；归功于(1)欠(钱)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe￡50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor￡50.(2)得过(某人的)好处；欠(某人的)人情债
Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)应当给予Youowemeanapology.(4)应归功于；都亏得
WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的词组：owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof
5.takeone"splace
(1)入座，站好位置，取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.
(2)takeone"splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(职务或工作等)；接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.
[比较]
(1)inplace(of)代替；而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.
(2)takeone"sseat在自己座位上坐下；有时等于takeone"splace：Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.
6.thinkhighlyof赞扬表赞赏的词有：
(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表认为不好的词有：
(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“动词+away”的短语①doawaywith去掉
②getaway逃脱，(使)离开③goaway离去，出去
④putaway放好，把收拾起来，存(钱)以备它日之用⑤runaway逃走，离开
⑥smoothaway去除，克服
⑦stayaway(from)不在家，外出
⑧takeaway拿走，带走，夺去，使离去⑨throwaway扔掉．浪费．坐失(良机)
[例句]Don"tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou"llregret.不要放弃这么好的机会，不然的话，你会后悔
的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.离开前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你为什么不去上学?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn"tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我离不开。【考例】(201*重庆)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem．
A.threwawayB.putaway
C.gaveawayD.carriedaway
[考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Bthrowaway扔掉；putway放好，把收拾起来；giveaway分发．泄露；carryaway冲走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前，许多人把他们不能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。8.含“动词+off”的短语
①dropoff放下，下车②falloff(从)掉下来
③getoff(从)下来，动身，起飞，脱下来④giveoff发出，放出
⑤jumpoff跳离
⑥putoff推迟，延期
⑦setoff出发，引起，启程
⑧seesboff为某人送行，为送行⑨switchoff关掉
⑩takeoff脱，去掉，起飞，匆匆离开，成名?throwoff匆忙脱掉
?turnoff关掉，避开，拐弯
[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改变火线前，主干线的电力供应必须切断。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因为疾病的缘故，他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.车身适当修理前，所有外部的配件必须拿下来。Thefiredoesn"tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.这炉火好像不大热。【考例】(201*广东)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around
[考查目标]此题主要考查短语seeoff的用法。
[答案与解析]Cseeoff意为“给某人送行”；sendaway意为“派遣”；leaveoff意为“停止，不再穿”；showaround意为“带领某人参观”。[牛刀小试2]
在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词。
1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixtyfiveyearsold.
2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.
3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.
4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.
5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.
☆句型诠释☆
1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。
该句巾的why引导一个定语从句，而that引导表语从句。
1.句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容，往往被看作是固定句型：Thereasonis/wasthatclause.当主语是reason/cause时，一般不能用because或why引导表语从句，以免造成语意重复。当主语是This/That时，可以由because/why引导表语从句。例如：OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.【考例】(NMET1999)
--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目标]表语从句。[答案与解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。2.why在句中是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，同时它在定语从句中作状语，此时why=forwhich，但要注意：关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词that或which。
【考例】(201*上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
[考查目标]定语从句。
[答案与解析]Awhat，how不能引导定语从句，排除B、C两项；thereason在定语从句中作explained的宾语，可填that/which，或者也可以省略。
2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看过这个片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面．就不敢下海游泳了。
该句是一个复杂长句，从when到句子末尾是状语从句，在从句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。例如：ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.
定语从句关系词的选择，要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则，所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先行词指人还是指物；“顾后”即后面的定语从句，看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如：Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(状语)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(宾语)
【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet，therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目标]定语从句。
[答案与解析]D“turntosbforhelp”为固定短语，意思是“向某人求助”，所以选towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.当有人问起他成功的秘诀时。史蒂文?斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。
该句中的"when"是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，而且从句谓语动词是be或包含be时，常常将从句主语与be省略。例如：AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.
【考例】(201*上海春招)Unless___tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.inviting
C.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
[考查目标]状语从句的省略现象。
[答案与解析]Aunless为连词，后面省略了youare，所以选invited。
4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上，懂礼节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉，何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。
该句中havinggoodmanners为v-ing形式作主语。例如：Collectingstampsisoneofhishobbies.▲友情提示：在v-ing形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，构成v-ing复合结构，在句中作主语、宾语。
【考例5】(201*上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he"dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,too
C.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobby
D.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure[考查目标]v-ing作主语。
[答案与解析]DA、B、C三项句法都无错误，但在and连接的并列句中，两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分别做两个简单句的主语。
5.It"spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon"ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌，所以不要多拿。
该句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为tofinisheating例如：It"snotrighttotelllies.撒谎是不对的。
it作为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有：1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth
3.It+be+PP.todosth
【考例】(201*上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.
A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目标]形式主语。
[答案与解析]D只有it才可以作形式主语。【句型归纳】
1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./现在分词／过去分词状语从句有些成分有时可省略，一般是主语和be省略；有时it和be可以省略：Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento./Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法详见Chapter10语法活用“省略和插入语”。2.Notonly/justbut(also)连接相同的句子成分
NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(连接主语时根据就近原则)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe"llworkforherinthefuture.(连接句子时，notonly后的句子要部分倒装)
[牛刀小试3]
1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother"sadvice.
A.that;becauseB.why;because
C.why;thatD.forthat;that
2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(201*全国卷I)
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(201*上海春招)A.completedB.completing
C.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
4.____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.(201*上海)A.Thepresidentwillattend
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