高中英语语法总结大全-虚拟语气
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高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气
虚拟语气1)概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2)在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系
句型:条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。
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句型:条件从句主句
一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型:条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).
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虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren"tItodo.
特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。
句型:(1)suggested
Itis(2)importantthat…+(should)do
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(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder
(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:
(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
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从句动作先于主句动词动作(be的过去式为were)从句动作与主句动作同时发生(had+过去分词)将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could+动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadn"tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2)Wishtodo表达法。Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。Ifonlyhecomesearly.但愿他早点回来。
Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
过去时过去完成时真实状况现在时wish后过去时第5页共6页嘉兴英语教学网收集整理欢迎使用
need"不必做"和"本不该做"
didn"tneedtodo表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。.needn"thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn"tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn"thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
Therewasplentyoftime.She___.
A.mustn"thavehurriedB.couldn"thavehurriedC.mustnothurryD.needn"thavehurried答案D。needn"thavedone.意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。Mustn"thavedone用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn"thavedone,"不可能已经"。mustnotdo不可以(用于一般现在时)
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扩展阅读:高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气
高中英语语法总结大全之虚拟语气虚拟语气
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。2)在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系
句型:条件从句主句
一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
非真实条件句
1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型:条件从句主句
一般过去时should(would)+动词原形
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型:条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.
Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.
含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型:条件从句主句
一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren"tItodo.虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词"be"的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).特殊的虚拟语气词:should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。句型:(1)suggested
(2)Itisimportantthat…+(should)do(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do
(2)important,necessary,natural,strange(3)apity,ashame,nowonder
Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:
(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.1-itraintomorrow,wewouldhaveto-thepicnic.
Awould;putforwardBshould;calloffCwere;putoffDshould;putup2itishardformetoimaginewhatI()inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaLibraryinmyhometown.
Awoulddo;wouldnothavefallenBwouldbedoing;hadnotfallenCwouldhavedone;hadnotfallenDweredoing;wouldnothavefallen3Ipostedtheletteraweekago.
Thenthey-theletterbynow.itusuallytakesfourdays.
AcanhavereceivedBmustreceiveCshouldreceivedDoughttohavereceived
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