第二军医大学张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀
第二军医大学张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀
医学英语中单词颇多,但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀,不过医学英语中的前后缀也说实话也有很多的.可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的,掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部分的医学英语单词的意思.下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考.1．人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例
心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology
脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例
血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例
一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例
色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green
棕brownbrownmixture/brownring
橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson
青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例
病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例
相反dis-disease/disorder/disability
困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-
后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum
中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-
反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication
注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例
切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome
吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）
-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone
糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide
酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen
苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例
杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge
抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen
去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac
扩展阅读：医学英语前后缀
第二军医大学医学英语的顶级人物张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀
这是第二军医大学医学英语的顶级人物张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀
医学英语中单词颇多,但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀,不过医学英语中的前后缀也说实话也有很多的.可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的,掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部分的医学英语单词的意思.下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考.1．人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例
心heartcardiao-cardialcardium/carditis/cardiology
脑brainencepholo-cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀名称通用名前（后）缀示例
血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3．与数字有关的前缀数字前缀示例
一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀颜色通用名前缀示例
色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple绿green
棕brownbrownmixture/brownring
橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum绯红crimson
青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义前（后）缀形容词示例
病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病态-osis-oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义前（后）缀示例
相反dis-disease/disorder/disability
困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死-necrosisnecro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7．与方位有关的前缀含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-
后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum
中心centralcentri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-
反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication
注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例
切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割）-tometracheotome/thoracotome
吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矫）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）
-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例
酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide
酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen
苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀含义前（后）缀示例
杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge
抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen
去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac
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