计算机系团委例会会议记录(陈俊杰)
计算机系团委例会会议记录
时间：201*年12月3日地点：B303
主持人：计算机系团委秘书处副秘书长黄志强记录人：计算机系团委秘书处干事陈俊杰缺席人数：9
具体内容：流程：一、团委各部门作11月份工作总结和12月份工作计划的汇报；二、团委各部门干事代表上台发言分享11月的工作心得；三、团委副书记张文盈师姐发言；
四、团委秘书长陈晓丹师姐对会议进行补充。一、团委各部门11月份工作总结和12月份工作计划汇报秘书处：
1.11月份工作总结：
1、做好我系团委干部干事室内室外培训的相关工作；
2、协助团员系列教育活动的团课开展；3、协助校运会的举办；4、协助组织部开展团组织生活；
5、参与我系团委学生会承办的“舞动增院”决赛的相关工作；
6、完成职业生涯规划设计大赛的摆摊工作7、协助创优争先活动的开展；8、整理08～10级学生的资料。12月工作计划1、完成日常工作；
2、协助职业生涯规划设计大赛的举行；3、协助团委其他部门的日常工作；4、全力落实新制度的实施。不足之处：①反馈不及时；
②部分干事不够积极；
③干事的自主工作能力不足。可取之处：①海报制作，网站更新有所进步；②干事能保持高亢的工作热情。
组织部：
1、11月工作总结：
1.完成团组织生活的后期工作，包括通讯稿等资料的收取；2.结束了新生团员教育活动；3.举办12月份团员教育活动成果展。
2、12月工作计划：
1.继续举办12月团员教育活动成果展；
2.团组织生活的开展，主要针对08、09、10级,主题是“倡导自主
学习，建设优良学风”；
3.协助职业生涯规划设计大赛的举行。
实践调研部：1、11月工作总结：
1.与经济系合办的干部干事外出培训；
2.完成“益暖中华”谷歌杯中国大学生创意大赛的计划书；3.协助组织部举办团员教育活动的各项工作；4.为共享编辑部制作系刊进行拉赞；
5.配合校运会的工作和举办三下乡活动的成果展；6.跟进福彩公益活动的相关工作。
2、12月工作计划：
1.继续跟进福彩公益活动的相关工作；
2.继续完成三下乡活动的总结与及纪念册的完成；
3.继续收集“益暖中华”谷歌杯中国大学生创意大赛相关资料；4.完成我系见习基地的相关工作；5.配合其他部门的各项日常工作。
网络部：
1、11月工作总结：
1.协助系团组织生活等活动的开展，包括团课和新老生交流会等；2.维护、更新系网站与及博客；3.协助共享编辑部进行系刊地制作；
4.进行干事的培训工作，包括PPT的制作等方面；5.协助校运会开展。
2、12月工作计划：
1.继续进行维护网络，更新系网站与及博客等的工作；2.继续进行干事的培训工作；
3.将工作重心放在与科技部共同举行的职业生涯规划设计大赛。
共享编辑部:1、11月工作总结：
1.拍摄工作，指出因为干事手抖、经验不足而导致照片质量不佳的
不足之处；2.
者的公文培训；
3.完成系刊的制作，尽快解决经费问题的影响；4.招入一批小记者队伍，为校运会提供了优秀的加油稿。
2、12月工作计划：
1.完成日常工作；
2.出版一本计算机系与旅游管理系合作的三下乡活动纪念册；3.进行小记者礼仪和通讯稿写作等方面的培训；4.协助职业生涯规划设计大赛的相关工作；5.协助其他部门的日常工作。
科技部：1、11月工作总结：
1.完成挑战杯的相关工作，包括通知各入围选手与及评审老师；2.完成经济系“点石成金”计划大赛的宣传工作；3.进行干事的相关培训；
4.配合学院科技部的户外培训活动，积极与其他系进行交流；5.协助组织部开展团组织生活；
通讯稿撰写质量有待提高和小记6.协助校运会的举办；7.与经济系商讨联谊活动；
8.跟进与网络部共同举办的职业生涯规划设计大赛。
2、12月工作计划：
1.协助“舞动增院”决赛的相关工作；2.继续跟进职业生涯规划设计大赛；3.进行干事的培训工作；4.完成本部门的日常工作；5.协助其他部门的日常工作。
宣传部：
1、11月工作总结：
1.月板报的更新；
2.完成团课、校运会、舞动增院、新老生交流会等场地的布置工作。
2、12月工作计划：
1.积极配合学院宣传部的相关安排；
2.努力完成团员教育活动的宣传工作与及场地布置工作；3.认真配合职业生涯规划设计大赛的宣传工作与及后勤工作；4.协助“舞动增院”决赛的举行；5.认真完成本部门的日常工作；6.协助其他部门的日常工作；
二、团委各部门干事代表上台发言分享11月工作心得三、团委副书记张文盈师姐发言
1.内容：1．每一次活动之后都有一个很大跨度的飞跃；
2．与外语系合作的团组织生活举办得很成功，大家都很用心，同时
佩服大家高亢的工作热情；
3．祝贺大家成为正式的团委干事；
4.工作效率有待提高，例如在派邀请函方面，派发的时间可以选取在
饭后时间，这样既可以完成工作，又可以走走消化一下食物，一举两得的方式我们在以后的工作中要灵活采用；5．光阴似箭，一个月又过去了，提醒大家要注意学习成绩，落下的
科目要尽快补起来，要求全体团委干事不能挂科，绩点要在1.8以上，更不能出现学籍预警的情况；
6.合理分配学习和工作的时间，多去图书馆；7.为福彩公益的评选活动积极投票；
8.共同协助网络部和科技部举办职业生涯规划设计大赛；
9.指出摆摊的幕布悬挂的时间段，以及不要乱挂横幅，有需要时要写
申请；
10.干事要如实、及时向部长反映新的工作安排；11.即将进行干部干事的专题培训。四、团委秘书长陈晓丹师姐对会议做总结
内容：1、要节省经费的耗用，尤其是打印的费用，要打印在30份以下时可以去
办公室打印，打印的张数较多时可以去“猫头鹰“打印，各部门举办活动时购买所需道具前先询问宣传部是否以前有剩余，能省则省；
2、强调超过10元的消费要先写书面申请，经老师批准后才能购买，否则事后不予报销；
3、强调各部长每个星期四都要向书记处汇报工作情况；
4、完成月工作总结、月工作计划、月工作心得以及出勤情况的登记，有特殊情况要向对应秘书处的小秘进行说明；5、公布本月的优秀干事、干部以及优秀部门。五、会议结束
扩展阅读：陈俊杰毕业设计
武夷山职业学院毕业设计
谈词汇空缺的原因及翻译对策
系别：应用外语系专业（班级）：旅游英语姓名：陈俊杰学号：201*14024114指导教师：丁素珍完成时间：201*年6月3日
武夷山职业学院教务处制
谈词汇空缺的成因及翻译对策
【摘要】词汇空缺的是一种文字或文字未能找到另一种语言的对应概念，由于伦理之间的文化差异。在跨文化的沟通过程中，词汇的差距解释了各种语言的鲜明民族特色，但也形成了对翻译的障碍。为正确和有效的新词汇翻译的差距将在政治，经济，文化和对外交流方面发挥重要作用，这边主要试图介绍词汇差距一般原因，并进一步分析了新的词汇空缺现象的成因---改革开放。
【关键词】词汇空缺；翻译策略；改革开放
IOnCausesOfLexicalGapsAndTranslationTrategies
【Abstract】Lexicalgapisaconceptofsemanticsorwordsfailingtofindtheircounterpartsinanotherlanguage,duetotheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnics.Ascorrectandeffectivetranslationofthenewlexicalgapswillplayanimportantroleinthecommunicationofpolitics,economy,andculturewithforeigncountries,thispapertriestointroducegeneralcausesoflexicalgaps,andfurtheranalyzesthecausesofnewlexicalgapsanditsdistributionsincereformandopening-up.
【Keywords】
Lexicalgaps;Translationtrategies;China’sreformandopening-up
IIContents目录
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….....……..….IAbstract………………………………………………………………………………………………………....III.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………..11.Definitionoflexicalgaps……………………………………………………………………………..…..12.Languageisamirrorofculture................................................................................................................1II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps………………………………………………………………………….......11.Differencesingeography………………………………………………………...……………………….12.Differencesinhistory…………………………………………….......................………………………...22.1Customs……………………………………………………………………………………………..….22.2Religion……………………………………………………………….……………………….………..22.3Socialvalues………………………………………………………………............................................2III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics……........................................................................31.Newcausesoflexicalgaps…………………………………………………………….............................31.1Politicalfactors………………………………………..........................................................................31.2Economicfactors………………………………………………………………………………………42.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps…………………………………………………………………42.1Conciseness………………………………………………………………………………….…………42.2Contemporaryfeature…………………………….................................................................…….....5IV.Translationstrategies………………………………………………………………………….….……....51.Generalstrategies…………………………………………………………………………………….…52.Strategyshifting…………………………………………………………………………………………52.1Transliteration………………………………………………………………………………………..6V.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………………...……..6VI.Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………….......6VII.References…………………………………………………………………………………………..……7
III
I.Introductions
1.Definitionoflexicalgaps
Lexicalgapsinthedefinitionofthephenomenon,scholarsfromdifferentanglestodefine.AccordingtoGuoAixian[10](1998:42-44),lexicalgapsareoriginatedfromtheculturaldifferencesbetweenethnicandlanguage-specificthings,ortheconceptofsemanticsorwordsinanotherlanguagefailingtofindtheircounterparts,soastoformthevacanciesinthemixedculture.QinJiandong[12](1999:77-79)pointsoutthatculturesoriginatingfromdifferentgeographicalenvironmentshavebothsimilaritiesanddifferencesTakingthisintoconsideration.
2.Languageisamirrorofculture
Languageisanimportantpartofcultureisthecarrierofculture,amirrorofculture.Therefore,thevarietyofculturalfactorsiscertainlyinlinewiththelanguageandcultureinChina.Newmark(SeeZhangZhiying[6]etal,201*:2)said:“Idefinecultureasthewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatispeculiartoacommunitythatusesapeculiarlanguageasitsmeansofexpression.”[1]SusanBassnett(1991:22)alsomadeasimilarargument:“Languageistheheartwithinthebodyofculture,anditistheinteractionbetweenthetwothatresultsinthecontinuationoflife-energyinthesamewaythatthesurgeon,operatingintheheart,can’tneglectthebodythatsurroundsit,sothetranslatortreatsthetextinisolationfromthecultureathispencil.”Therefore,languageandculturearecloselyrelated.
II.Generalcausesoflexicalgaps1Differencesingeography
Aspecificnaturalenvironmentcreatesaspecificculture,andaparticularculturehasaspecificlanguageexpressioninturn([9]DaiWeipingetal,201*:15).Languageisareflectionoftheobjectiveworld.Duetogeographicaldifferences,thetwolanguagesofEnglishandChinesehaveahugedifferenceinperformance,resultinginlexicalgaps.
AsmostpartsofChinalocateintheland,people’sdailylife,includingproductionandconsumption,isinseparablefromtheland,whichgeneratesmanyland-relatedChineseexpressions.Forexample,todescribeapersonspendingalotofmoney,Chineseuse“挥金如土”toexpressthisconcept,whileEnglish-speakingpeopleusetheexpressionof“spendmoneylikewater”toindicatetheconcept.Asforthelocation,Britainisacountrysurroundedbytheseawhosenavigation,fisheriesusedtobeworldleading.Somanyidiomsarenavigationandfisheries-related.Forexample,“allatsea”meansataloss,“togobytheboard”meansplans
cometonothing,“tohanginthewind”indicateswavering,“toraisethewind”meanstoraisethemoney,“bigfish”referstosomebody,“anotherkettleoffish”referstoanothermatter.
2Differencesinhistory
2.1Customs
Inaccordancewiththetraditionalcustoms,wheneverChinesepeoplebuildahouse,theymustchooseapoisedandauspiciousday.风水(Fengshui),thelocationofaperson’shouseandancestralgrave,issupposedtohaveaninfluenceonthefortuneofafamilyandhisoffspring.(YuanLiangping[15],201*:66-70)TheconceptoffengshuiintheWesternculturedoesnotexist.Nevertheless,astheChineseandWesternculturalexchangesstrengthen,Westernershaveunderstooditgradually.Similartermssuchas姻缘(yinyuan)，阴(yin)，阳(yang)，etc..Totakeanotherexample,inChina,peopleregardweddingsandfuneralsas红白喜事(redhappinessorwhitehappiness).Gettingmarried,givingbirthtoachildandcelebratingabirthdayareallcalledredhappiness,andthefuneralisreferredtowhitehappiness.InBritishandAmericanpeople’seyes,tomarryandhavechildrenasahappyeventisunderstandable,becauseinEnglishthedayofthecelebrationisknownas“redletterday”.Whileatthesametime,thedeathisalsosaidtobejoyousandwillbeabitbaffled.
2.2Religion
Religionisthemostprofoundformthataffectshumansociety.Itnotonlyinfluencestheeconomy,politics,science,philosophy,literatureandart,butalsobecomesanindispensablepartofpeople’sculturalpsychologicalstructure,andhaspotentialandlong-termimpactonpeople’sthinkingandbehavior(DaiWeipingetal,201*:1).ReligiousbeliefinWesterncountriesisindeedverycommon,andmostofpeopleinthesecountriesareChristians.TheybelievethatGodcreatestheworld.Althoughpeoplehaveinfinitewisdom,theycannotescapefromGod.WhileinChina,peoplebelievinginBuddhism,Taoism,thinkthat“老天爷”superviseseverythingintheworld.Duetothedifferentbeliefsoftheirreligions,peoplecannotunderstandclassiccharacterandthingsineachother’sreligion.Manycharactersin“Bible”havetheirownpersonalityandimage,whohavebecometypicalrepresentativesbythelong-termciting.Solomon,Moses,AdamandEvesymbolizewisdom,leaders,ancestorofhumanbeingsandthemotherofalllivingcreaturesrespectively.However,theseimagesarevacantinChina.Similarly,thecharactersof观世音菩萨，如来佛，阎王inBuddhistand玉帝inTaoist,donotexistinthewesternculture.
2.3Socialvalues
Valuescannotbeseenortouched,butitisubiquitous.Everyculturehasitsownuniquesetofsystems.Ittellspeoplewhatkindofbehaviorthesocietyexpectandwhatkindofbehaviorthecommunitydiscard,whatweshouldloveandwhatweshouldhate,whatisbeautifulandwhatisgood,whatisuglyandwhatisbad,whatisnormalandwhatisridiculous,etc.(JiaYuxin[11],1997:58).Theobviousdifferencesofthevalues
betweentheWestandChinaaregrouporientationandindividualorientation.Westerners,especiallyAmericans,treasureindependenceandfreedomandrespectforpersonalprivacyverymuchaswell.Thecompoundwords,withthe“self”astheprefixinLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(201*),presentsmorethaneightywords,suchasself-control,self-confidence,self-dependence,self-employed,self-motivated,self-awareness,self-contemptuous,self-defeatingetc..WhileChina,thecollectivism-orientedcountry,abhorsputtingpersonalinterestsabovethecollectiveinterests.ManifestooftheCommunistPartyofChinaclearlydefinesthatindividualismisnotallowedintheCommunistparty.Inviewofthegrouporientation,theChinesepeopletreasure关系andemphasize客气.Thewordslike客气and关系cannotfindcounterpartsinEnglish.
III.Newcausesoflexicalgapsandtheircharacteristics
Theaboveanalysisisgenerallyacceptedvocabularyofthereasonsforthegap.However,theneweraoftheemergenceofnewtrendsinthegrowinggapbetweenthevocabularyofpoliticalandeconomicfactors,butmainlybecausethereformandopeningup.
1.Newcausesoflexicalgaps
1.1Politicalfactors
Whatkindofpoliticalsystemdoesacountryhave,itsculturewillcertainlyshowitstypicalpoliticscharacteristics,andthenreflectintheirlanguage,especiallyinthevocabulary.TakeAmericanpoliticsasanexample,whenBillClintonbecameAmericanpresidentin1993,Clintonturnintoahouseholdname.Asaresult,manywordswiththeprefixof“Clinton”appeared,suchasClintonian,Clinton-Lingo,Clintonite,Clintonoid,Clintonomics,Clintonizeetc.(ZhaoHongchun[17],201*:71).ThesewordswillmakeChineseabitpuzzledtowholacktheknowledgeofAmericanpoliticalculture.AsforChina,therepresentativeoftheworld’ssocialistcountries,implementingthesystemofPeople’sCongressregime,thepeople’sdemocraticdictatorship,itsgoverningphilosophy,principlesandpoliciesallhavespecialcharacteristics,whichleadtoalotoflexicalgaps.“Duetothediversesocialsystems,thedifferencesintheunderstandingofobjectivethingsandsubjectiveconceptofvalueexistbetweenpeoplewhoarefromtwocompletelydistinctcultures”(DaiWeipingetal201*:31).Sinceitsreformandopeningup,Chinahasbecomeincreasinglyprominentintheworld,andmanynewculturallyloadedwordsareuniquetoChina.Suchas,一国两制(onecountry,twosystems)，四个现代化(fourmodernizations)，三个代表(threerepresents)，八荣八耻(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),社会主义荣辱观(socialistconceptofhonoranddisgrace)，etc..Ifwesternersdonotunderstandbasicnationalpolicyandcivilizationconstruction,theycannotunderstandtheconnotationof“threerepresents”,whichrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina’smostadvancedproductiveforces,theorientationofChina’smostadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityof
theChinesepeople.
1.2Economicfactors
Economicactivityisthebasisoflanguageformation.Asacommunicationtool,theintrinsicvalueoflanguageisthatpeopleusealanguagetoexpresssubjectiveideasandobjectivereality.Therefore,justasWangJiakun[13]oncepointedout“thelanguagemustadapttotheeconomicdevelopmenttrends,respondaccordinglytochangesofeconomicactivity.Atthesametime,changesineconomicactivitywillinevitablyleadtochangesinlanguage(201*:37-39).”
Asidefromthat,China’seconomicreformsstartedfromtheruralareasandthenextendedtocities,withtheresultsofreformsgrowingsignificantlyandgraduallyimprovingthelivesoffarmers.Variousclothesindifferentstyleshavebecomeanewscene,alongwiththelargerlivingspacealongwiththeprettyinteriordecoration.Inthisrespect,alotofnewwordsandexpressionswithChinesecharacteristicsemerge.Forinstance,农村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem)，小康社会(amoderatelyprosperoussociety),农民工(migrantworker),万元户(ten-thousand-yuanhousehold),三资企业(foreign-fundedenterprises),三来一补企业(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),新型工业化道路(newpathofindustrialization),拳头产品(coreproduct),廉租房(low-renthousing),假日经济(holidayeconomy),三沿地区开放(opening-upofseashore,rivershoreandborderareas),etc..Withthetransformationofstate-ownedenterprisescarryingondeeply,thesocalled“ironricebowl”dosenot“iron”anymore,thenlaid-off,re-employmentarefollowing..Thisphenomenonandnewformofcapitalistcountriesdoesnotexist,sothepublicnooneonthebackgroundofChina"seconomywillfeelstrangetothem.
2.Characteristicsofthenewlexicalgaps
Withthedeepeningofreformandopeningup,manynewvacanciesappearinpolitical,economicandsociallife.AccordingtoProfessorWangRongpei[14](1991:1-8),ChinaEnglish,atermfirstproposedbyGeChuanguiin1980,hasthreetypicalcharacteristics:first,usingathomebytheChinesepeople;second,withstandardEnglishasthecore;third,withChinesecharacteristics.ThisperspectiveoutlinesthecharacteristicsofChinaEnglish,anddescribesthecharacteristicsofthenewvacanciessincereformandopeningup.
2.1Conciseness
Concisenesscanbethemainfeatureofthesenumerousandkeywords.Take一国两制(onecountry,twosystems)forexample.ThistermsuccinctlysumsuptheprincipleofunificationofChina,whichwasproposedbyDengXiaopingin1980.Thecontentisthatunderthepremiseofadheringtothesocialistcountries,themainsystem,Taiwan,HongKongandMacaomaintainthepreviouscapitalistsystemandwayoflifeunchangedforalongtime.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三来一补企业(enterprisesofthreeimportandcompensationtrade),三步走战略(three-stepdevelopmentstrategy)，三农问题(issuesofagriculture,farmerandruralarea),四项基本原则(thefourcardinalprinciples),八荣八耻(theeighthonorandeightshameoutlooks),五个统筹要求(fivebalancerequirement),四个现代化(four
modernizations)，三讲教育(threeemphasiseducation),etc..
2.2Contemporaryfeature
Somewordsmentionedabovehaveadistinctfeatureoftimes,whichreflectvariousstagesofChina’seconomicdevelopmentpoliciesandtheever-changingeconomicenvironment.Forinstance,农村土地承包制(rurallandcontractsystem),农转非(changefromruralresidentstourbanresidents),社会主义新农村(socialistnewcountryside).Thesetermshighlyexpressthedevelopmentalguidelinesandpoliciesofruralreformsfromtheearlytothelate.Thisfeaturecanalsobefoundinthefollowingexpressions:三资企业(foreign-fundedenterprises),西部大开发(westerndevelopment),经济特区(specialeconomiczones),etc..
IV.Translationstrategies
1.Generalstrategies
Exchangesbetweendifferentculturesandpenetrationisadynamicprocess.Indifferenthistoricalperiods,understandingandacceptanceofforeignlanguagesandculturesaredifferentlevels,thenitisthetranslationmethod.Whentheculturalneedsatanearlystage,fromothercountriesandpeopleswhodonotknowtheircultureandlanguagecounterparts,becauseofthelargenumberofconceptsandterminologyisverystrange.Atthispointoftime,theapplicationofdomesticationmethodcouldtraceitsrootstoSchleiermacher’s(SeeXuPing[5],201*:32)famousnotionofthe“translationleavesthereaderinpeace,asmuchaspossible,andmovestheauthortowardshimwillreducethestrangenesstotargetreadersandmakesourcetextsmoreacceptable”.AccordingtoLawrenceVanuti(ChenDezhang[2],201*:10),thedomesticationis“atranslationstrategyforatransparent,fluentstyleinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextforthereadersofthetranslation.”Forexample,豆腐wasinitiallytranslatedintobeancurd,becausetheyonlyknewthatdoufuwasmadefromsoybeansandsomethinglikecheese.Therearesimilarexamples，功夫wastranslatedasmartialarts,饺子asdumpling.
2.Strategyshifting
Touryoncepointedoutthat“Translationisakindofactivitywhichinevitablyinvolvesatleasttwolanguagesandtwoculturaltraditions”(SeeXuPing,201*:13).Inthisstatement,itindicatesthattranslatorswillfacetheproblemofhowtofindtheequivalentinthetargetlanguageandexpresstheculturalconceptsinasourcetext.Thereforetranslationisthelanguageconversionaswellasculturalexchanges.Culturaldifferencesexistinnature,makingequivalenttranslationbetweendifferentculturesvirtuallyimpossible.Thisalsoprovidesthebasisforforeignizationtranslation.Infact,suchperspectiveisthesameasYangShizhang’sculturaltranslationconcept,anditscontents:“Translationisnotonlyabilingualexchange,itisacross-culturalcommunication,whoseaimistobreakthroughlanguagebarriers,toachieveandpromoteculturalexchanges;theessenceoftranslationistotransmitcross-culturalinformation,istoreproduceoriginal
culturalactivitiesbyusingthetargetlanguage;thethrustoftranslationisculturaltransplantation;otherthantheoperationoftheformoftranslation,theculturalinformationistheobjectofthetranslation”(See[16]YanXiaohuaetal,201*:8-10).Undertheguidanceoftheabovetranslationstrategy,theacceptablestrategytomakeupvacanciesistranslatingChineseintoChinaEnglishinChinese-Englishtranslation.Thisnotonlyretainstheexoticismoforiginallanguage,butalsoenrichesandpromotesthetargetlanguageandculture,eitherthroughtransliterationorthroughcalque.
2.1Transliteration
Transliterationmeansthatwordstranslatedaccordingtotheirpronunciationrepresentoneextremeofforeignizingtranslation(ChenXiaofang[3],201*:43).Ideally,thisisaletterforletterreplacementssothatreversetransliterationintotheoriginalscriptispossible.However,Chineseasnon-alphabeticlanguage,couldonlyretainthesoundofit,inordertokeepaforeignelementofEnglish-likelanguage.Normally,therearenocounterpartsinEnglishtorefertoorexpresssomecultureloadedwords.Newwordscanbecoinedbywayoftransliterationtobridgethegaps.ThenthesenewcoinedwordshavegraduallybeenincorporatedintotheEnglishvocabulary.Forexample,普通话，炕，风水，太极，狗不理包子，叩头，and福娃havebeendirectlyrenderedintoPutonghua,kang,fengshui,taichi,goubulibaozi,koutou,andfuwarespectively.
V.Conclusion
Inshort,thisthesis,suchasgeography,religion,socialvalues,vocabularygapbetweenthegenerallyacceptedreason,anddescribesthepoliticalandeconomicpointofviewofatwordnewtrend.AsChina"sreformandopeningup,politicalandeconomicfactorshavebecomethedominantfactorintheformationofvocabularygap.
Inthisstudyprovidesatranslationofvocabularygapbetweenthefirststepinthenewsituation.Inaddition,furtherresearchshouldconcentrateitseffortsonbuildingacorpusofwordsVacancytoensurethatlarge-scaledetailandquantitativeresearch.
VI.Acknowledgement
Inthisstudy,IWouldliketothankmyinstructorTeacherDing,underherguidanceandcarehavebeencompleted.Fromthepaper"stopic,thesystemdesignprocess,paperstructurestothefinaltext,havebeengotinstructor’scarefulguidanceandhelp.Teacher’sseriousandresponsibleworkattitude,thespiritofrigorousscholarshipanddeeptheoreticallevelmakemegaingreatdeal.Hehasgivenmealotofhelpbothintheoryandinpractice,soIgotalotofimprovement,whichformyfuturestudyandworkisagreathelp.Whatismore,Duringthisstudy,otherstudentsgavemealotofhelpandsupport,weworktogetheronthis.Thankyouverymuch!
VII.References
[1]Bassnett,Susan.1991.TranslationStudies.LondonandNewYork:RoutledgePress.
[2]ChenDezhang.201*.ApproachtoTranslationbetweenEnglishandChinese.Beijing:BeijingForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.
[3]ChenXiaofang.201*.AProbeintoEnglishandChineseLexicalGapsandForeignLanguageTeaching,Master"sthesis,FujianNormalUniversity.
[4]PearsonEducationLimited.201*.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish(4thedition).Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.
[5]XuPing.201*LexicalGapsinTranslation,Master’sthesis,ShandongUniversity.
[6]ZhangZhiying&ZhuQinqin.201*.InterculturalCommunicationandTranslationTechniques.Chengdu:SouthwestJiaotongUniversityPress.
[7]Anonymity.201*,October22Chinadaily.RetrievedDecember19,201*,from-10/22/content_7130933.htm
[8]程同春[ChengTongchung],201*，《中国英语中的经济词汇》，《中国科技翻译》,5-8。[9]戴卫平[DaiWeiping],《英汉文化词语研究》。北京：科学出版社。
[10]郭爱先[GuoAixian],1998，《词汇空缺及其可译性》，《解放军外语学院学报》,42-44。[11]贾玉新[JiaYuxin],1997,《跨文化交际学》。上海：上海外语教学出版社。[12]秦建栋[QinJiandong],1999,《试论词汇空缺的可译性》，《铁道师范学报》,77-79。
[13]王家鲲[WangJiakun],201*,《经济发展与社会主导语言的形成》，《开封教育学院学报》,37-39。[14]汪榕培[WangRongpei],1991,《中国英语是客观存在的》，《解放军外国语学报》,1-8。[15]袁良平[YuanLiangping],201*,《跨文化交际与中国特色英语》，《浙江树人大学学报》,66-70。[16]宴小花[YanXiaohua],201*,《汉英翻译的文化空缺及翻译对策》，《中国译》,8-10。[17]赵红春[ZhaoHongchun],201*,《政治气候对英语词汇的影响》，《赤峰学院学报》,71-72。
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