高一英语定语从句总结
TheAttributiveClause
一、定义从句概念
在主从复合句中，修饰主句某一名词或代词，作定语的从句，叫做定语从句。Eg.YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.在这个句子中，everything是，that是。总结：先行词一般是或，定语从句中必须要有连接主从句，在定语从句中作成分，但当其作宾语时，可以省略。关系词分为和，关系词有三个作用：连接作用；在定语从句中作成分；替代先行词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
常见的关系代词有：who,whom,which,that,whose1.TheboybrokethewindowisTom.Ilikethegirlstudiesveryhard.2.ThegirlwesawisLily.
HewastheteacherIaskedforhelp.ThepersonyoutalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersonyoutalkedisMr.Li.Thepencilhewaswritingwithbroke.Thepencilhewaswritingbroke.3.Theplaneisamachinecanfly.ThenoodlesIcookedweredelicious.4.Theroomwindowfacessouthismine.Theroomthewindowfacessouthismine.Theroomthewindowfacessouthismine.思考：who指，在定语从句中作。whom指，在定语从句中作，可省略。在口语中who也可以作宾语。which指，在定语从句中作或。作宾语时可省略。
that既可指，也可指。在定语从句中作或，作宾语时可省
略。指人时，相当于或;指物时，相当于。
whose既可指，也可指。在定语从句中作，总是与它所修饰的词
（n.）一起出现在从句中。如果whose所修饰的名词是无生命的词，可用“the+n.+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+n.”来代替“whose+n.”总结：在做题是，先分析主句，找出先行词，判断出先行词所做的成分，然后确
定关系词。
扩展：关系代词只用that不用which的情况1.当先行词是4个thing（something，everything，nothing，anything）以及all,every,any,few,little，theonly，thevery，theright等来修饰时，用that引导。Theoldmanwrotedownallhehadgonethroughinhislife.YoumustdoeverythingIdo.ThisistheverywatchIlostyesterday.
Heisoneofthestudents(whois/are)praised.Heistheonlyoneofthestudents(whois/are)praised.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，用that引导。
IwillalwaysrememberthefirstlessonwasgivenbyMr.Smith.ThisisthebestbookIhaveread.
3.当先行词既包括人又包括物时，用that引导。
Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingstheyrememberedintheschool.4.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导。Whoisthepersonisstandingatthegate?Whichisthebookyouhaveread?思考：什么情况下不能用that？实战演练：
课文中的句子：
1.Ahugecrackwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.
2.Thenumberofpeoplewerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan40,000.
3.Then,latertheafternoon,anotherbigquakewasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.
4.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthoseweretrappedandtoburythedead.
5.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorshomeshadbeendestroyed.
6.PremierWentalkedwiththeleadersfromdifferentcountrieswerewearingtraditionallocaldress.
AwhichBwhenCwhereDwho
7.Thevisitorssaythatthey’llneverforgotthedaystheyhavespentvisitingHainanProvince.
AwhichBwhenChowDwhere
8.Thefamilymembersareallmusiclovershasgonetotheconcert.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
9.ThebridgethedesignersaretwoAmericansattractsmanyvisitors.AwhoseBofwhichCthatDwhich
10.Doyouknowthemanthelittlegirlisturningtoforhelp?AwhoseBwhichCwhatDwhom点击高考：
1.(201*全国)Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat2.（201*北京）Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.
AwhatBwhoseCwhichDthat
3.(201*湖南)I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
AwhoBwhereCwhenDwhich
4.(201*浙江)Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
AwhomBwhichCthemDthose
5.(201*江西)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.
AforwhichBwithwhichCofwhichDtowhich6.(201*山东)That’sthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.
AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhat
7.(201*山东)Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhousesarebuiltclosetoeachother.
AtheyBwhereCwhatDthat
8.(201*全国)Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingwassomeone’sfault.
AwhoBthatCasDwhat三、关系副词引导的定语从句
常见的关系副词有：when,where,why
1.October1st,1949wasthedaythePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
2.Thisismyhometowntherehasabeautifulview.3.Thereasonhewaslatewashemissedthebus.思考：
when表示，在定语从句中作。其先行词一般为表示时间的词。where表示，在定语从句中作。其先行词一般为表示地点的词why表示，在定语从句中作，其先行词一般为reason。注意：关系副词=介词+关系代词（which）
eg.Thisistheroomwelivedlastyear.Iwon’tforgetthedaysIstayedwithyou.Isthisthereasonhewassohappy?思考：先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的词时，关系词一定用when、where、why
吗？
eg.IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.IstillrememberthedayIspentinBeijing.ThisisthehouseIlived2yearsago.ThisisthehouseIbought2yearsago.Thereasonhewaslateisthathiscarbrokedown.Thereasonhegaveusisnotreasonable.
总结：关系代词与关系副词的使用区别：关键看其在定语从句中所做的成分。实战演练：
1.Wehaven’tfoundagoodplacewearegoingtoplaceournewsofa.
AthatBwhichCwhatDwhere
2.HewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,hewentabroadandsettledthere.AafterthatBafterwhichCinwhichDinthat
3.Edibleoil’s(食用油)safetyisasubjectwehavearguedforalongtime.AofwhichBwithwhichCaboutwhichDintowhich4.I’mgoingtovisitthefactoryyourbrotherworkedafewyearsago.AwhichBwhereCthatDwhen
5.Thereasonherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn’tgivehimaninvitationearlier.
AwhichBwhyChowDwhen
6.WhenthereportermetLiuXiang,hewasinasituationhewasnotfeelinghimself.
AwhichBwhereCwhenDthat思考：where的先行词必须是一个地点名词吗？
Canyouthinkofsomecasesstudentsobviouslyknowtheproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.(09浙江)点击高考：
1.（201*陕西）Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriendsweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
AwhichBwhereCwhoDthat
2.(201*天津)Thedaysaregonephysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.
AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich
扩展阅读：高一英语必修一定语从句总结
定语从句
一、三个概念
1.定语从句：用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。
2.先行词：定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词，它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。关系词用以连接先行词与定语从句，关系词既有替代先行词的作用，又在从句中充当着一个成分。
例：Theboywhoissingingatthestageisonlynineyearsold.
先行词关系词定语从句
Anyonethatiswillingtohelpothersiswelcometoourgroup.先行词
定语从句
关系词
二、要点
1.先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词（有时可省略）2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后3.关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分三、关系词的用法
关系代词:who/whom/that/which/whose1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that.(1)who/that表主格:
Thegirlwho/thatisdrawingisJim’ssister.Themanwho/thatlivesnextdoorisfriendly.(2)whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:Theboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutwillcome.Heistheman(whom/that)wesawyesterday.2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that.(1)which/that表主格:
Aplaneisamachinewhich/thatcanfly.Marylikesmusicwhich/thatisquietandgentle.(2)which/that表宾格,可省略:
Thecar(which/that)heboughtwasasecond-handone.Thefilm(which/that)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.3.whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物Theworkerwhosearmwasbrokenwassenttohospital.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesisverylong.关系副词：when/where/why
关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhich
where=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)
1.when:指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetmyfavoritestar.2.where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例：Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.NanjingistheplacewhereIwasborn.
3.why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?
注意：关系副词when,where,why,的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。
例：IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImetmyfavoritestar.【when】
NanjingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.【where】Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?【why】四、关系代词that的特殊用法只用that的情况
1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.
2.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything，none，theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.
例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.
4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
5..以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？
6.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时，只能用that.例如：Heisnotthemanthatheoncewas.8.先行词是theway时，只用that
不用that的情况1.先行词为that,those时，用which，而不用that.例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？
2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。3.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
五、判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。
I"llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：
（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.（对）I"llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone
答案：例1D，例2A。
例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。
非限制性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.4.有时as也可用作关系代词
5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who,whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物。
as,which引导的非限制性定语从句
1.由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
2.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
(3)当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。
Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(4)as的用法例
thesameas；suchas中的as是一种固定结构,和一样。
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有"正如"。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone"shealth.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
定语从句的难点
1.限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
2.关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：(1)As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
(2)as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.(3)当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
注意：定语从句suchas与结果状语从句suchthat的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分
HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobyone.
3.以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。
Thewayinwhich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
4.but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
Thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodon’t)
5.区分定语从句和同位语从句
(1)定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句
(2)定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分
Thenewshetoldmeistrue.Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语
Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.(3)同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子，
Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位语
Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.
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