201*考研英语：开头和结尾写作方法总结
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201*考研英语：开头和结尾写作方法总结
考研英语中最让人头疼，又是提分最快的莫过于写作了，因此，掌握一定的写作方法能够起到事半功倍的效果。下面是作文主题句的剖析。希望对考生有所帮助。1.文章开头的写法(1)引言法
在文章开头引用具有代表性的名人名言，既可吸引读者，又可以点题。如："Bethefirsttobeconcernedwiththeworld"stroublesandthelasttoenjoyworldly
happiness."FanZhongyan，ascholaroftheSongDynasty，expresseseloquentlytheloftyspiritofChineseintellectualsinhismaxim.OnrealizingthatthecauseofChina"slackofdevelopmentwasitsbackwardnessinscienceandtechnology，manymodernscholarsaccordinglywenttoWesterncountriestostudy.
本段以"先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐"引出主旨，给人以深刻的印象。(2)提问法
如：Whyareforeignerssogladthatbarriershavebeendismantled?Chinahasapopulationof1.2billion，andUS$1000billionofGDP.Itisacountrywithoneofthefastesteconomicgrowthratesintheworld.China"sentryintotheWTOwillthereforeenablealleconomicentitiesintheworldtoexpandtradeandinvestment，bringingbenefitstoenterprises，consumersandworkersinthesecountries.(3)数据引用
引用恰当的数据，使文章开头简洁、有力。对于表格式作文，常从描述、分析表格入手。如：
Itisreportedthatfrom1995to1998，thenumberofcarsinShanghairoseattherateof20%，buttheaveragespeedofcarsdroppedattherateof30%.Itshouldbenoticedthat43%ofaddedcarsduringtheperiodof1995～1998isprivatecars.Thereforesomepeoplepointoutthatthemosteffectivewaytosolvethetrafficproblemistobanprivatecars.ButIthinktheyhavegoneextremelyfaraway.
本段通过引用数据对私车增多及车速下降这一现象进行了详细的描述。通过分析，作者自然地引出观点：完全禁止私车是偏激的做法。(4)概要法
开门见山，首先提出文章的主要观点，然后通过举例或逻辑推理等方法加以详述。如：
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Thisreportisdividedintothreemainsections：whatequipmentyouneed，howtouseequipment，andhowtomaintainequipment.2.文章结尾的写法(1)总结法
总结式结尾的作用在于回顾全文、突出中心，使读者对文章形成一个整体的把握。要想写好总结式结尾，就要求文章内容本身重点突出、中心明确，这样回顾起来才有点可抓。在写总结式结尾时，对于论证中提到的要点应该点到为止，而重在重申论点。如：
Onthewhole，lifeinChinahasbecomebetterafter30years，Ordinarypeoplenowenjoyamorecolorfullifethanbefore.Thoughsomeproblemshavearisenintheprogress，westillcan"tdenythispositivetrend.(2)建议法
针对文章前面的分析，提出相对应的号召或解决方案，表示对将来的期待或鼓动大家采取相应的行动。如：
Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoredresssuchinequality.Itishightimethatweshouldurgeanimmediateendtothisphenomenon.(3)反问法
在末尾加上反问，可使文章引人思考。如：
Psychologicalhealthoftheyouthshouldbeconcernedbyoursociety.Onbeingadvisedbyhisschoolthatheshouldleaveafterfailingseveralexams，aBeijinguniversitystudentdecidedtocommitsuicide，butfirstkilledhisfatherandgrandmothersoastosparetheirgriefathisowndeath.A13-year-oldSichuanProvincegirlranawayfromhomerecentlyinpursuitofherfavoritemoviestar，andhasnotbeenseensince.Isn"tthereanythingwrongwithpsychologicalhealthoftheyouth?
用反问句加深主题：年轻人的心理健康有些问题，应该得到更多关注。(4)引语法
用引语归结全文，有画龙点睛的作用，使文章既生动，又有说服力。如：Allofuswishforabrightfutureandhopetomasterausefulcareer.Thosewhopersistinremainingidlewillneverfulfilltheirambitions，"Nopains，nogains"isamottowithmuchmeaning.Meditateandlivebyit.
以"不劳不得"做总结，很好地归纳了上文，给人以警示。
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(5)首尾呼应法
在首尾两处点题，可以使段落的中心突出。如：
China"sreformshavebroughtChinaalotofbenefitsandhavechangedChinesepeople"slifeagreatdeal.Alivelyatmospherehasprevailedinallwalksoffieldsthroughoutthecountry.Thenationaleconomyhasbeenthrivingandnationaldefensehaseverbeenconsolidated.Inscienceandtechnology，quitealotofachievementshavebeenmade.Certainly，theprogressmadeinallfieldshasledtotheraiseoflivingstandardforChinesepeople.
首尾均强调了一系列有利于社会进步的改革给中国人的生活带来的改变，重点突出。
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扩展阅读：201*考研英语作文精彩开头及结尾
常用开头：
1)Some(people)argue/claim/believe/holdthat……Butothersset(put)forthadifferentargumentabout/oppositiveviewsonthematterinquestion.
(e.g.SomeclaimthatsettingofffirecrackersisagoodpracticeofcelebratingtheSpringFestival.……Butothersputforthoppositeviewsontheproblem.)
2)Some(people)advocate/endorse/favor/arefor(或oppose/objectto/areagainst)……Yetothersstickto/holdonto/clingtotheoppositeviews/argument/points.
(e.g.Someadvocatechangesintendedtomodernizethebuildingcode.……Yetothersholdontotheoppositeviews.)
3)Tosomepeople""smind/Fromsomepeople""spointofview/Intheeye(s)ofsomepeople，thematterinquestionis/seems/shouldbe/means……Buttoothers""mind/fromothers""pointofview/inothers""eyes，itisjust/quitetheotherwayaround/contrary/opposite(或theopposite/reverseisthecase/true.)
(e.g.Tosomepeople""smind，readingshouldbedoneinaselectiveway.……Buttoothers""，itisjusttheotherwayaround.)
4)Some(people)respond/reactto……by……Butothersbehave/actintheotherdirection/intheoppositeway.
(e.g.Somepeoplerespondtofailurebyremaininginactiveoravoidingit……Butothersbehaveintheoppositeway.)
5)Sometaketheviewthat……And/Butontheotherhand，othersarguefortheoppositeviewthat……
(e.g.Someareoftheviewthatinstitutionsmouldcharacters.……Andontheotherhand，othersarguefortheoppositeviewthatcharacterstransforminstitutions.)
常用结尾：
1)Onlyinthisway/Onlywhen……/Onlythrough……will/canwe……或：Itisonlyif/when……thatwewill……
(e.g.Itisonlyifallsidesofsocietytaketheirrolesfullythatwewillachievethesocietywewant.)
2)As/Solongas……wewillbeableto……/theproblemisboundto……
(e.g.Aslongaswepersistinspreadingscientificknowledgeamongthemasses，allthesuperstitionsareboundtogooutofourlife.)
3)Foranyplacethat……/Foranyonewho……thereisevery/noreason/chanceto……
(e.g.Foranygovernmentthatdevotesitselftonourishinghonestyamongitsofficials，thereiseveryreasontobidaneternalfarewelltocorruption.)
4)Inshort/brief/oneword/sum，onceweareonthewayto……，thechanceofachieving/makingitwillincrease/growgreater/cometoouradvantage.A
(e.g.Inshort，onceourcountryisonthewaytoclearingcorruptdealingsoutoftheParty，thechanceofmakingitwillcometothepeople""sadvantage.)
5)Thequotations/remarksfromsb.(或Thepopularsaying/maxim/proverb)……maybeabetter/surecure/remedyfor……(或……sound/practical/sensible/well-weightedadviceonhowto……)
(e.g.TheoldsayingLazinessinyouthspellsregretinoldagemaybesensibleadviceonhowtocherishtheyearsofyouth.)
6)Andworstofall/bestofall，ithas/will/wouldeffect(ed)themostunfavorable/favorablechangein……
(e.g.Andworstofall，theofficialcorruptionhaseffectedthemostunfavorablechangeinthepeople""sattitudetowardsthegovernment.
7)Asanothersevereshock(genuinecomfort)tothepeople/society/Asthemostdestructive/pushingeffecton……(ourlife)，ithaspermeatedamongthepeople/throughoursocialsoil/throughoutthewholecountry(或hasmelted/penetratedinto/beenrootedin(the)Chinesesoil(inthepeople""sminds)。A
(e.g.Asthedestructiveeffectonournation，hishereticalideashavebeenrootedinmanypeople""sminds.)
8)Asa(n)sensational/unexpectedresultof……，moreandmorepeoplehavecome/got/begunto……A
(e.g.Asanunexpectedresult/consequenceofthepatrioticeducation，moreandmorepeoplehavecometoregain/restoretheirsenseofjustice.)
9)Toone""sgreatestastonishment/delight，sth.hasaffected……tothepointof……
(e.g.Toourgreatestastonishment，thecorruptionhasaffectedthesocietytothepointofthreateningitspoliticalstability.)
10)Themostobvious/directresult/consequenceitproduces/bringsaboutis……
(e.g.Themostobviousresulttheeconomicreformshaveproducedisthewaythepeopleliveandthink.)
11)Withaconstant/steadyimprovementin……(或Withthegradualworseningof……)sth.will……
(e.g.developtoone""sadvantage)A
(e.g.Withasteadyimprovementinitsadministration，thenew-bornthingwillflourishonChinesesoil.)
12)In(the)courseoftime/Inalongrun(thelongterm)，sth.ismorelikely/believed/bound/sureto……
(e.g.Inalongrun，thepracticeofbirthcontrolisbelievedtodoagreatbenefittothefutureofChina.)
13)Inspiteofthefactthat……(或Although……)，sth.will(not)……inour/one""sassiduous/conscious/consistentefforts.A
(e.g.Inspiteofthefactthattheirisnohopeofattainingthefinalgoalatonego，thisreformwillbespreadingfarandwideinourconsistentefforts.)
14)Inaword，thereisevery/littlechance/probability/possibilitythat.……intimetocome.A
(e.g.Inoneword，thereiseverychancethatthiswisemoveineconomicconstructionwillacquireabroadersignificanceintimetocome.)
15)Anything(anyone)that(who)……willhaveto……
(e.g.ThosewhohaveastrongbiasagainsttheChinesenation(will)havetotreatherwithincreasedrespect.)
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