个人考博英语作文总结
如何开头?
1.Itisahottopicinrecentyearswhetherto(offercollegeadmissiontoevery
highschoolgraduate)orto(selectexcelletstudentsbymeansofexaminations.)
2.Nowadaysitisquitecommonforpeopleto(writetheirownorvisitother’s
microblog.)
3.Atpresent,facedwithhugeloadsofpressure,manyyoungpeoplearebusy(making
money).Asaresult,(theydonothavethetimeandmoodtoconsidertheirpersonalaffairs,)especially(marriage,)whichmakes(theirparentsworried.)
4.Inrecentyears,peoplearemoreandmoreconcernedabout(food
safetyinchina.)
5.Itisnodenyingthefactthat(thecomputer,atypicalrepresentativeofhighscienceandtechnology,hasplayedadominantroleinourdailylives,whichhasnotonlymadeitconvenientforustoaccomplishcomplicatedtasks,butalsogreatlyinprovedourworkefficiency.)
However,wecannotgototheextremeandcometotheconclusionthat…
直陈观点！
1.Inmyperspective,(tostopthespreadofthisphenomenonbothteachersandstudents
shouldbeinvolved.)
2.AsfarasIamconcerned…,3.Personallyspeaking…,4.Inmyopinion…
观点陈列
1.tobeginwith,then,forthermore,finally2.tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally
3.firstandforemost,moreover/besides,lastbutnotleast4.firstofall,secondly,finally5.ontheonehand,ontheotherhand6.foronething,foranotherthing
结尾。
1.Fromtheabovediscussion,wecanconclude(cometheconclusion)that………..
Ibelieve,throughthosemetheds,thatthesituationisboundtoimprove.
2.tosumup/allinall…..
特殊句型
1.Itiswrong/ofgreatimportance/morllywrongandshamefulforsbtodosth.2.强调句型
1.Inthelongrun,itisstudentswhoarethevictims
2.But,weshouldalwaysbearinmindthat,itistheteacher’sknowledgethatcanhelpstudentstomakegreatachievements.
3.Itisthewisdomandthecreativeideasoftheteachersthatwouldhelpthestudentstobroadentheirscopeofknowledgeandenlargetheirvisions.3.Notonly…butalso….
1.Itisnodenyingthefactthat(thecomputer,atypicalrepresentativeofhighscienceandtechnology,hasplayedadominantroleinourdailylives,whichhasnotonlymadeitconvenientforustoaccomplishcomplicatedtasks,
butalsogreatlyinprovedourworkefficiency.)2.tocurbthisphenomenon,
notonly
theteachersshouldimprovethequalityofassignmentsbutthestudentsoughttostrengthentheawarenessofhonestyaswell.
4倒装
Onlyinthiswaycanthesituationofcutandpasteinformationbe
eliminatedcompletely.5双重否定
Wearenotabletoeducatestudentsinaproperwaywithouttheinstructionand
enlightenmentofthoseeducators.
必备策略
1.举例子（1.单例/2.列举）2.列数据
3.做对比(1.相似2.相反3.递进)4.实际上5.因果6.转折………
1.1.Forinstance,…Forexample…..(to)take….asanexample.2.suchas….Andsoon.
3.Forinstance,oneteacheralwaysaskherstudentstodopresentationonclass.In
ordertofinishthetask,thestudentshavetofindvariousresources,includingsurfingontheInternet.However,thereisnowaytocutandpasteinformationfromtheInternetinthatthestudentsarerequiredtodotheperformancebythemselves.Consequently,thestudentsareabletomastertheknowledgeandbroadentheirscopeofhorizonatthesametime.
2.1.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.2.Infact,thenumberofitssubscribershassoaredfromlessthan14%toover40%withinayear.3.1.similarly,…2.Onthecontrary,
inaappropriateway.
thesophisticatedandexperiencedteachersdohavethe
capabilitiestotackleallkindsofproblemsthatmayoccurandmakequikeresponsetosolvethem3.Somepapersareevenfoundtobetheoriginalversionwithouttheslightestchanges.4.Actually,….Asamatteroffact….Infact5.DuetoBecause(of)
AsaresultConsequentlyTherefore6.HoweverNeverthelessNotwithstanding
废话连篇
1.Ratherthan….Insteadof…..2.Thatistosay
3.ObviouslyConspicuously4.GenerallyspeakingInbrief5.with….……
扩展阅读：考博英语写作总结
考博英语写作总结
201*-2-11
一、考核要求及分析
1、写作体型：主要为“命题作文”、“看图作文”、尤其“议论文”2、评分等级：2-5,7-9,10-12,13-15
3、试题分析：主考两方面的基本功较强的英语表达能力，关心时政勤于思考
（1）考题特点：选题范围贴近生活，尤其“教育、科研”有关的一般性话题及
“社会热点话题”：科技类、经济类、人生观价值观类、社会问题、教育类
（2）文体最主要是议论文，其次是说明文、记叙文和摘要写作（3）出题方式无/有提纲型标题作文，图表作文，概要写作A、无提纲型标题作文只给题目，自由发挥：关键“审题”，【步骤】：
①、仔细分析确，定中心思想，切忌跑题
②、选择正确的问题（选择熟悉的内容写，合适的文体，尽量避免用生僻的词）③、选择典型材料，拟定合适提纲④、按照提纲写作B、有提纲型标题作文题目+提纲（中文或者英文）关键“紧扣提纲”【步骤】
①、分析题意，确定中心思想、主旨，切忌跑题②审提纲，归纳出文章题目的涵义范围
③列举提纲各条目的关键词，筛选出所需材料④选择正确的文体
⑤切勿漏掉提纲中任何的一点，内容要全C、看图作文
图片作文审题、立意、选材；从图片信息中分辨或者综合处作文主题的层次【步骤】
①、看清标题、要求
②、仔细审图，把握每一个细节和情节
③、按照时间的先后或者原因的主次顺序列出提纲④、按照提纲写作
图表作文通过图表提供的数据，反映出一件事物的不同方面【步骤】：
①、看清标题、要求
②、把握的文字或说明，找出其要表达的主题
③、比较、归纳各信息，选出最有意义的信息，有侧重的叙述④、通过对图表的分析，进行概括性的评论，或得出结论[图表作文最常见的固定的词汇、句型]：
Ascanbeseenfromthetable……/thetableshows….Asshowninthegraph…/thefiguresshowthat….
Ascanbesimplyproved…./Ashasbeenmentionedbefore….Asiswellknown…/asexpected…./asindicatedbytheresults….
However,itmustbenotedthat…./itshouldbenotedthat…Itmustberealized,however,that….Itisalsointerestingtonotethat….TheratioXtoYis….
D、概要写作概括能力，审题、立意、选材技巧：
①、忠实原文，客观再现主要论点和事实严格按照原文的次序排列内容②、意义完整，表达清楚，特别注意连接词的使用
③、语言简洁，通俗易懂，可借助分词短语、介词短语、同位语及定语从句等④、重点突出（相当于内容提要）抓住文章的主题句、段落的主题句，重要的任务、
细节及结论等
⑤、不同文体概要学做的重点：
记叙文抓六要素：when/where/who/what/reason/progress
描写文描述情感、态度等：抓住作者的打算、意图，以压缩简化的方式再现
说明文常着重解释怎么样“how”，为什么”why”，段落中常可见主题句、扩展句，
故抓主题及重要的事实及论证。
议论文重点是说理，多用演绎、归纳两种方法，但是写概要则均以演绎手法展开。
二、写作基本方法及技巧重点：解题步骤
1、快速审题审题一定仔细，防止以偏概全及一词不懂无从下笔；确定明确立场，列出
提纲（3∽4短句或者句子）2、正文写作三段式为多，
第一段：开头引入主题，提出基本立场（34句）【常用开头写法】：
（1）用主题句直接点出主题多用于说明文和议论文
（2）引语法（名人名言及谚语等）画龙点睛，但是要确保无误（3）提问法（正、反问或自问自答）多用于说明文和议论文（4）通过给关键词下定义引出话题（5）背景法多用于记叙文和描写文
第二段：正文1-3段，主题明确。论证充分
（1）段落结构多23部分组成，即“主题句、扩展句和结尾句”
主题句核心，表明作者的态度或者观点或意图等，为段落的中心思想（特别注意*一个
段落一个中心思想）
扩展句围绕主题句进行叙述、说明或论述
结尾句多一句话，对整个段落的内容进行归纳、总结，和主题句呼应，以及承上启下（2）段落发展的方法7种
①、列举法主要为一系列的论据【常用连接词】：foronething;foranother;finally;besides;moreover;oneanother;stillanother;first;second;last;also;tobeginwith;next;still;onone/anotherhand;②、按照时间、空间顺序发展【常用表达时空的过渡词】：first;second;then;before;after;while;when;
finally;afterawhile;aslongas;assoonas;atlast;atthattime;inthemeantime;inthepast;lately;later;meanwhile;until③、举例法列举具体的典型的事例来阐述说明主题句的内容，是为列举法的一种，是文
章更充实和富有内涵【常用连接词】：forexample/instance;oneexampleis….;thefollowingexample;besides;furthermore;moreover;afterall;inaddition/fact;ofcourse;specifically;suchas;toillustrate;asanillustration;inotherwords;asfollows;letmeciteasproof;tosubstantiate;④、对比法或比较法通过比较同类的事物以更清楚的表现所述对象间的异同和优缺点、【对比法常用连接词】：similarly;also;likewise;yet;but;however;unlike;resemble;resembalance;parallel;otherwise;both;incomparison;comparedwith;ontheotherhand;incontrastto;opposedto;contrastedwith;onthecontrary;incontrast;aswellas;tobeparallelin…;⑤、分类法用于阐述莫一概念，通过分门别类。分别加于叙述【分类法常用连接词】：kind;sort;type;group;factors;class;classify;contain;classification;category;divide;division;regions;bases;constitute;attributes;belongsto;fallinto;accordingto;withrespectto;therebe;consistof;include;compose;becomposedof;comprise;becomprised;makeup;⑥、因果分析法解释某事发生的原因和结果【常用连接词】：because;so;asaresult;accordingly;consequently;thus;hence;then;therefore;forthispurpose;forthisreason;dueto;inthecase;thatbeingso;inthesecircumstance;leadto;resultfrom/in;arisingfromthis;sothat⑦、定义法对某一事物进行解释说明。以扩展段落并引导更直接的认识（尤其科普文）【常用连接词】：thatis;mean;call;bedefinedas;beregardas;referto;standfor;⑧、重复法步步紧逼，使文章结构紧凑，有感染力
第三段：结尾段概括全文，重申立场，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，同时展望未来或提出建议或提出令人深思的问题或今后的方向（34句）【常用写法】：
A、重新措辞，重叙主题思想（强调突出作用）B、做出结论C、用反问结尾（也是强调作用，引发思考）D、使用引语（更有意境）E、提出展望或建议
3、仔细检查侧重点：（1）、重新审题有无跑题（2）、文章结构有无开头。正文和结尾，每段又没有主题句（多在每段的开头或结尾）（3）、每段有无主题，立场是否明确（4）、展开恰当否举例是否恰当，有无连接词，句式有无变化等（5）、语言表达如何是否每句话都有谓语；时态是否一致（多现在时）；主谓是否一致；词性是否准确；拼写是否准确等
4、段落写作的提高：（1）、写好段落的三个标准
统一性一段一个主题，一篇文章一个中心思想，所有的句子都围绕主题展开完整性若干扩展句
连贯性句子排列符合逻辑（包括意连和形连）
意连：内在的逻辑性，有机的联系；其排列方式按“间先后、位置远近、逻辑关系”包括按照“要性或一般到特殊或特殊到一般”顺序）形连：使用转换词，使行文流畅【常用的转换词】：first：so;though;and;besides;both;and;because;however;finally;consequently;inparticular;asaresult;
（3）文章的过渡过渡词或可起过渡作用的代词、同义词、连接词及词的重复【常用的过渡词】
A、文章开始常用的过渡词或句子
Tobeginwith;generallyspeaking;firstofall;recently;
withthedevelopment/progress/growthofeconomy/societyB、文章结尾常用的过渡词或句子
Inconclusion;inbrief;inaword;itishightimethat…;itisonlywhen…that…C、表示“先后次序”常用的过渡词或句子
First;second;third…;tobeginwith…;moreover;finally…;meanwhile;sincethan;
therefore;D、表示“因果关系及分析原因”常用的过渡词或句子Asaresult;dueto;consequently;
Onemaycriticize…for…,buttherealcaseof…liesdeeper;Among…reasons,oneshouldbeemphasizedthat…E、表示“比较和对比”常用的词
Unlike;incontrast;ontheotherhand;likewise;similarly最常谈论的话题mosttalk-ofsubject
5、写作中常出现的几种错误有损连贯性的几种情况
（1）不必要的时态改变事实：写作文时多一般现在时，且前后一致（2）不必要的单复数改变（3）不必要的人称改变
三、写作常用表达方式小结：
1、常用连接词：
A、表层次firstfirstlyinthefirstplacetobeginwithtostartwithSecondsecondlyfurthermorealsothennextbesides
equallyimportanttomoreoverinaddition
thirdthirdlywhat’smorelastbutnotleastfinally
B、表转折bycontrastincontrastwith/toonthecontraryontheotherhandAlthoughthoughyetbutdespitethefactthatevenso/thoughNeverthelessforallthathoweverinspiteofotherwisebesides
inadditionregardless
C、表因果becauseofconsequentlyforthereasoncluetohencethereforethusowningtososinceasforaccordinglythankstoonthis/thataccountinthiswayasaresultasaconsequence
D、表让步stillneverthelessinspiteofallthesameofcoursedespite
evensoafterall
E、表递进furthermoremoreoverlikewisewhatismorebesidesalso
notonly…butalso…tooinaddition
F、表举例forexampleforinstanceforonethingthatistoillustrate
asanillustrationacaseinpoint
G、表解释inotherwordsasamateroffactfranklyspeakinginthiscasenamelyH、表总结insummarytosummarizeinconclusioninawordinbriefinfact
inshortashasbeensaidinsimplertermsthatisinparticularinotherwordsofcourseonthewholetoptitdifferentlyinallthusaltogetherindeedthereforenamely2、常用句型A、文章开头：
Discussiontodayissue①、thereisageneralabout/astothe/ofpeoplewhoMuchnowadaysproblemobjectto(stiffdoing,stiffsbdoingsth)
oppose(sth/sb/whatclause)arguethat…however/ontheotherhand,argue
arefor
peoplewhobelievethat…advocate
believethinkof②、whenitcomestomost/manypeoplethinkthat…butotherpeopleconsider…differentlyArgueregardBeginningbelieve.
③、nowpeopleingrowingnumbersarecomingtorealizethat……Gettingbeawarethink
④、althoughmanypeoplebelievethat……Imaintainthat……Insist
Widelybelief⑤、contrarytocommonlyheldideathatIbelievethatGenerallyopinion
Recentstudyindicates
⑥、anewsurveyconducted/takenrevealsthat…..NationwidepollsuggestsprovesB、文章结尾
Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabovedraw
①、takingintoconsiderationallthesefactors,wemaysafelyreachtheconclusionthat…
JudgingfromtheevidenceofferedcometoEvidencesupports
②、alltheanalysisjustifiestheconclusionthatShows
Greattheimprovement
③、itishightimethatweplaced/putemphasisondevelopmentof…Specialincrease
Effectiveactionsprevent④、itisnecessary/essentialthatappropriatestepsshouldbetakentocorrectthe..PropermeasuresendC、习惯用语主要是用it做形式主语的句型表达习惯用语如人们、大家、有人或应该说、
必须指出及已经证明等；
Itisconsidered(orthought)that……人们（有人或者大家）认为…..
Itisgenerally(usually)accepted(oragreed,recognized)that……普遍（一般或通常）认为…Itisbelievethat…..人们（大家，有人）相信…..Itiswellknown…..众所周知
Itislearned(supposed)that…据悉(推测)…..
Itisestimated(predicted,calculated)that…..据估计你（预计）……Itisreportedthat……..据报道……
Itmustbepointedoutthat….必须指出……
Itmust(should)beadmittedthat….必须（应该）承认Itwillbeseenthat……可见…..
Itwillbeseenfromthisthat….由此可见……
Itisunderstoodthat……不用说（谁都知道）……Itcannotbedeniedthat……无可否认….Ithasbeenprovedthat……已经证明……Itmaybeconfirmedthat…..可以肯定…..
Itmaybesafelysaidthat….可以有把握的说….Itissometimesaskedthat…..人们有时会问…..Itisexpected(hoped)that….人们希望…..
Itisnoexaggerationtosaythat…….毫不夸张的说…..
四、各专业领域专业表达
【科技类作文】
1、网络通信词汇
InternetPenetration互联网普及率CyberCitizen网民CyberCrime网络犯罪
CyberCity网络城市、虚拟城市Cybereconomy网络经济DigitalDivide数字鸿沟
SmartSchoolIntelligentSchools智能学校MultipurposeCard多功能卡SoftwareDevelopment软件开发DigitalBusiness数字化商业
Informationization,Network-basedInformationFlow信息化SoftwarePackages软件包
Domainnameapplicationandregistration申请注册域名Virtualspace虚拟空间Intranet局域网Ethernet以太网Mindmap脑图
Portablecomputer;Laptop;Notebookcomputer手提电脑PersonaldigitalassistantPDA个人数字助理Palmcomputer掌上电脑Router路由器
Networkadministrator网络管理员
InternetserviceproviderISP网络服务提供者NetworkcomputerNC网络计算机
MultimediapersonalcomputerMPC多媒体个人电脑PlugandplayPNP即插即用Dial-upconnection拨号连接Homepage主页Firewall防火墙Floppydisk软磁盘Hardware硬件Certification认证
Confidentiality机密性、保密性Bluetooth蓝牙技术Generationthree3-G
Shortmessageservice短信服务
Roaming漫游
GlobalsystemformobilecommunicationGSM全球移动通信系统GeneralpackerradioserviceGPRS通用分组无线业务GeneralpositionsystemGPS全球定位系统WirelessfidelityWi-Fi无限保真2、航空词汇
Mannedspaceship/spacecraft载人飞船Mannedspaceflight载人航天
Mannedspaceprogram载人航天计划Spaceshuttle航天飞机Unmannedspaceship/spacecraft无人飞船Experimentalspacecraft实验太空船Shenzhou(DivineVessel)神舟号Multistagerocket多级火箭Recoverablesatellite返回式卫星Communicationsatellite通信卫星Remotesensingsatellite遥感卫星Weather/meteorologicalsatellite气象卫星
satelliteInSun-synchronousorbit太阳同步轨道卫星Carrierrocket;rocketlauncher;launchvehicle运载火箭Payloadcapability有效载荷能力Lowearthorbit近地轨道Capsule太空舱Orbitalmodule轨道舱Re-entrymodule返回舱Propellingmodule推进舱Commandmodule指令舱Servicemodule服务舱Launchpad发射台
InternationalSpaceStation国际空间站Solarpanel太阳能电池板Lunarrover月球车Outerspace;deepspace外太空MilkWay银河系
【经济类作文】
Farming农业Forestry林业Animalhusbandry畜牧业Sidelineproduction副业Fishing渔业Primaryindustry第一产业Secondaryindustry第二产业Tertiaryindustry第三产业tertiaryeducation高等教育Meansofproduction生产资料Meansoflivelihood/subsistence生活资料Relationsofproduction生产关系Productiveforces生产力Publicownership公有制Privateownership私有制Ownershipbytheentire/wholepeople全民所有制
Socialistcollectiveownership社会主义集体所有制Foreign-fundedenterprise外资企业Jointventure合资企业Cooperativeenterprise合作企业
Whollyforeignowned/fundedenterprise外商独资企业Economist经济学家Socialisteconomy社会主义经济Capitalisteconomy资本主义经济Collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconomy计划经济Controlledeconomy管制经济Ruraleconomics农村经济Liberaleconomy自由经济Mixedeconomy混合经济Protectionism保护主义Autarchy闭关自守
Privatefactor私营成分（部门）Publicfactor公共成分（部门）
Economicchannels经济渠道Economicbalance经济平衡Economicfluctuation经济波动Economicdepression经济衰退Economicstability经济稳定Economicpolicy经济政策Economicrecovery经济复苏
Economicsituation经济形势Economictrend经济趋势Economicindication经济指标Concentration集中Holdingcompany控股公司
Infrastructure基础设施建设
Standardofliving生活标准，生活水平Purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力Scarcity短缺
Stagnation停滞、萧条、不景气Totalproductofsociety社会生产总值GrossNationalProductGNP国民生产总值GrossDomesticProductGDP国内生产总值GDPpercapita人均国内生产总值
Grossoutputvalueofindustryandagriculture工农业总产值Nationalincome国民收入
Purchasingpowerparity购买力平价法Staterevenue财政收入
Totalvolumeofretailsales社会商品零售总额Generalretailpriceindex社会零售物价总指数Percentagepoints百分点
Statemonopolyoverpurchaseandmarking统购统销Marketeconomy市场经济Marketregulation市场调节
Optimizeindustrialstructure,ecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofpopulation实现产业结构、生态环境、人口素质“三个优化”
Stressprioritiesoveragriculture,transportationandenergysupply,educationandscienceandtechnology抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技“三个基础”Establishoperationalmechanismofmarketeconomy,rulebylaw,democraticsupervisionandincorruptiblegovernment建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政“三个机制”
【人生价值类语言精华】
谚语精粹：
Abadbeginningmakesabadending不善始者不善终Agoodbeginningmakesagoodending善始者善终Abadthingneverdies遗臭万年
Acandlelightothersandconsumersitself蜡烛照亮了别人却毁灭了自己Actionspeaklouderthanwords事实胜于雄辩
Adversitymakesamanwise,notrich逆境出人才（逆境、厄运、困难）Afairdeathhonorsthewholelife流芳百世Afaithfulfriendishardtofind知音难觅
Afallintoapit,agininyourwit吃一堑长一智Afoxmaygrowgray,butnevergood江山易改本性难移Afriendinneedisafriendindeed患难见真情
Afriendisneverknowntillamanhasneed需要之时方知友
Agoodbeginningishalfdone良好的开端是成功的一半Agoodconscienceisasoftpillow不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门Agoodfameisbetterthanagoodface美名胜过美貌Agreattalkerisagreatliar说大话者多谎言Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen君子之交淡如水
Ajokenevergainsanenemybutlosesafriend戏谑不能化敌为友，之使人失去朋友
Aleopard(母豹)cannotchangeitsspots积习难改Alightheartliverlong静以修身
Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing一知半解，自欺欺人Allgoodthingscometoanend天下没有不散的筵席Allrivesrunintosea海纳百川
AllroadsleadtoRome条条大路通罗马Allthatendswelliswell结果好就一切都好Allthatglittersisnotgold闪光的不一定都是金子Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy凡事总是由难而易Amancandonomorethanhecan凡事都应该量力而行Amancannotspinandreelatthesametime一心不能二用Amissisasgoodasamile失之毫厘谬以千里Asnowyear,arichyear瑞雪兆丰年Astilltonguemakesawisehead寡言者智
Awordspokenispastrecalling一言既出驷马难追Ayearsplanstartswithspring一年之计在于春
Ayoungidler,anoldbegger少壮不努力老大徒伤悲Beswifttohear,slowtospeak听宜敏捷，言宜缓行Birdsofafeatherflocktogether物以类聚人以群分Bloodisthickerthanwater血浓于水
Cannotseethewoodsfoethetrees一叶障目，不见泰山
Careanddiligencebringluck谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇
Confidenceinyourselfisthefirststepontheroadtosuccess自信是成功的第一步Constantdrippingwearsawayastone水滴石穿，绳锯木断Contentisbetterthanriches知足者常乐
Customisasecondnature习惯是后天养成的Doasyouwouldbedoneby己所不欲勿施于人
Doingisbetterthansaying以其挂在嘴边上不如落实在行动上Doitnow机不可失失不再来Donothingbyhalves凡事不可半途而废Easiersaidthandone说得容易做的难Evenhomersometimesnods智者千虑必有一失
Everymanforhimself,andthedeviltakesthehindmost人不为己天诛地灭Everymanhashisfaults金无赤足人无完人
Everymanisthearchitectofhisownfortune自己的命运自己掌握
Experienceisthefatherofwisdom,andmemorythemother经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母
【素质品行类】
Able有才能的，能干的Capable有能力的，有才能的Active主动的，活跃的Adaptable实用性强的
Adroit灵巧的，机敏的Aggressive有进取心的AlertAmbitiousAmiableAmicableAnalyticalApprehensiveAspiringAudaciousCandidCharitableCompetentConfidentConscientiousConsiderateConstructiveContemplativeCooperativeCreativeDashingDedicatedDevotedDiplomaticDisciplinedDiscreetDutifulDynamicEarnestWell-educatedEfficientEnergeticEnthusiasticExpressiveFaithfulForceful
机灵的
有雄心壮志的
和蔼可亲的，友善的（amiability）友好的，平心静气的善于分析的有理解力的
有志气的，有抱负的大胆的，有冒险精神的正直的宽厚的能胜任的有信心的
认真的，自觉的体贴的建设性的
（contemplate长时间认真思考某事，考虑（sth/doingsth）,
凝视人或物）好沉思的
有合作精神的富有创造力的有一股子冲劲，有拼搏精神的有奉献精神的","p":{"h":19.367,"w":4.5,"x":297,"y":812.642,"z":1050},"ps":null,"t":"word"Frank直率的、真诚的Frugal俭朴的，节约的少量的，花钱少的Generous宽宏大量的Genteel有教养的Gentle有礼貌的Hard-working勤劳的Hearty精神饱满的Honest诚实的Hospital殷勤的HumbleHumorousImpartialIndependentIndustriousIngeniousInitiativeHaveainquiringmindIntellectiveIntelligentInventiveJustKind-heartedKnowledgeableLearnedLiberalLogicalLoyalMethodicalModestMotivatedObjectiveOpen-mindedOrderlyOriginalPainstakingPracticalPrecisePerseveringPunctualPurposefulQualifiedRationalRealisticReasonable
恭顺的，谦恭的，地位卑微的，谦虚的幽默的
公正的有主见的勤奋的有独创性的首创精神爱动脑筋的有智力的理解力强的
有发明才能的，有创造力的正直的好心的有见识的精通某门学问的心胸宽大的条理分明的忠心耿耿的有方法的谦虚的目的明确的客观的虚心的守纪律的有独创性的
辛勤的，苦干的，刻苦的实际的
一丝不苟的不屈不挠的严守时刻的意志坚强的合格的有理性的实事求是的讲道理的
14Reliable可信赖的Self-conscious","p【环境写作类】
Airquality空气质量atmosphericcomponents大气成分Atmosphericparticulates大气颗粒物Atmosphericcirculation大气环流Carbondioxide二氧化碳Greenhousegases温室气体GreenhouseeffectOzonelayerSolarradiationAirpollutionAirpollutantsAcidrainDepositedparticulatematterFlyashHazeIndoorairpollutionClimaticchangeDroughtGlobalwarmingSealevelriseSeismicactivitySeismicmonitoringVolcanoTerrestrialEcosystemsAgriculturelandAlkalilandsHeathlandsLandcarryingcapacitySedimentationSoilconservationSoildegradationSoilerosionSoilimprovementSoilsalinationAridlandsDesertificationDroughtcontrolAfforestationDeforestationForestconservationForestfires
温室效应臭氧层太阳辐射空气污染空气污染物酸雨
沉降的颗粒物飞灰薄烟
室内空气污染气候变化干旱全球变暖海平面上升地震活动地震监测火山
陆地生态系统农用土地碱地荒地
土地承载能力沉积土壤保持土壤退化土壤侵蚀土壤改良土壤盐碱化干旱土地沙漠化抗旱
植树造林森林砍伐森林保护森林火灾
Greenbelts绿化带Reafforestation再造林Revegetation植被恢复Animalresources动物资源Biologicaldiversity生物多样性Biologicalresources生物资源
Biospherereserves生物圈保护区Ecologicalbalance生态平衡
Endangeredanimalspecies濒危动物物种EndangeredplantspeciesFoodchainWildlifeconservationFreshwaterresourcesFreshwaterdegradationRiverpollutionMarineecosystemsMarinepollutionCoastaldevelopmentCoastalenvironmentCoastalerosionMineralresourcesNaturalresourcesNaturalconservationNon-renewableresourcesRenewableresourcesPetroleumresourcesconservationSustainabledevelopmentFamilyplanningGenderissuesHumanpopulationHumanrightsNuclearenergySolarenergyTidalenergyWindenergyRadioactivityHeavymetalsIndustrialeffluentsIndustrialemissionsIndustrialfumesIndustrialnoiseLeadcontamination
17濒危植物物种食物链
野生生物保护淡水资源淡水恶化河流污染海洋生态系统海洋污染沿海开发沿海环境海岸侵蚀矿产资源自然资源自然保护不可再生资源可再生资源石油资源保护可持续发展计划生育性别问题人口人权核能太阳能潮汐能风能放射性重金属工业废水工业排放物工业烟尘工业噪声铅污染【经典例句】
1、pollutionis,infact,threateningourexistence2、mostofthenoisecomesfromtraffic,factoriesandconstructionsites（建
筑工地）
3、thereisanincreasingloudvoicefromthepubliccallingforfirmaction
againstpollution4、Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivesolutionsareworkedout,the
problemofpollutionwilleventuallygetoutofhand5、Manyfactoriesdischargeenormousharmfulchemicalintoairandrivers
everyday6、Tokilltheinsects,farmersusealargeamountofinsecticidessoasto
haveabumper(特大的，丰盛的，n，保险杠)harvest7、Thegasfromcarenginesisverypoisonous,itisamainsourceofair
pollutioninthecities8、Deforestationresultsintheincreaseofglobaltemperatureand
unpleasantchangesofclimate9、Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitfor
ourselvesandforourlatergenerations
10、Besides,thetreesandlawnsinourcitieswillinthelongrunhelp
improvethelocalclimate
11、Chinesegovernmenthastakenstrictmeasurestostopcarelessand
indiscriminatefallingoftrees(乱砍乱伐)
12、Therefore,governmentisplayingthemostimportantroleinthe
environmentalprotectiontoday
13、Carsshouldbeequippedwithspecialdevicestoreduceauto
emissions
14、Peasantscanutilizemodernbiologicaltechniquesinsteadof
chemicalfertilizerstogrowcrops
15、Desertcanbeturnedintocultivatedlandbyplantingacertainkind
ofshrub(灌木丛)
16、Recyclingofpaper.steelandplasticisimportantforhelpingprotect
ourenvironment
【社会热点问题作文常用的词汇和表达】
Disadvantagedgroups弱势群体
Specialemploymentassistanceshouldbegiventodisadvantagedgroups
Transmissionofelectricityfromthewesterntotheeasternregion西电东送Urbansocialsecuritysystem城镇社会保障体系Subsistenceallowanceforlaid-offworkers下岗职工基本生活费Basicpensionsforretirees离退休人员基本养老金Industriesandenterprisesindirestraits特困行业和企业陷入可怕的困境，dire极端的，非常的，可怕的Pilotproject试点项目Healthcarereform医疗改革Surplusruralworkers农村剩余劳动力Annualstatebudget年度国家预算
Expenddomesticdemandandconsumption扩大内需，刺激消费Bread-and-butterissue生计问题Townshipenterprise乡镇企业
Accordingtothedemandofdemocratizationandlegalization,positiveeffortshavebeenmadetopromotethereformationofpoliticalsystem
根据民主化和法制化的要求，积极推进政治体制的改革
Theessenceandcoreofsocialistdemocraticpoliticsisthatthepeoplearethemastersandtheyreallyenjoyvariousdemocraticrightsendowedbylaws社会主义民主政治的核心就是人民当家作主，真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利Massorganization群众组织Neighborhoodcommittees居委会、
ToensuretheworksofstateorganizationsbeputundersocialsupervisionTodeepentheanticorruptioncampaign深入开展反腐败斗争Theconstructionofhonestadministering廉政建设
Toinvestigateandpunishtheactivitiesviolatingthelawanddiscipline
查处违法违纪案件
Law-enforcingdepartments执法部门
Thelife-longofficialsystemhasbeenabolished废除领导干部终身制
Accordingtothedemandsof“Revolutionizing,JuvenilizingandSpecializing”，alargenumberofyoungandmiddle-agedcadreswithbothabilityandpoliticalintegrityhavebeenpromotedtoleadingpostsofvariouslevels按照革命化、年轻化。专业化的要求，把一大批德才兼备的中青年干部选拔到各级领导岗位上来Muchattentionhasbeenpaidtoselectcadresfromminoritynationalitiesandfromwomen。Vigorouseffortshavebeenmadetoabsorbpersonagesofdemocraticpartiestoleadingpostsatvariouslevelofgovernments.注重选拔少数名族干部、妇女干部，积极吸收民主党派人士进入政府各级领导岗位
Shakeoffideologicalandstructuralshackles摆脱许多思想上和体制上的禁锢Putupanimpressivefront摆门面
Letahundredflowersblossomandahundredschoolsofthoughtcontend
百花齐放百家争鸣
Muchremainstobedone百业待举Moneyworship拜金主义
TarnishthereputationofthePartyanddegradesocialconduct损害，使变暗，使。。。失去光泽败坏党的名声和社会风气Drawbacks,irregularitiesandproblems弊端、矛盾和问题Avoideconomicdowntown避免经济滑坡
Oncealawisputintoforce,itmustbeobservedandstrictlyenforcedandviolatorsmustbebroughttojustice有法必依，执法必严，违法必究Theonlywayleadingto必由之路Regionalbarriers地区壁垒Frontierbranchesofscience边缘科学Falsificationofaccount编造假账Raisepricesinadisguisedform变相涨价Attachequalimportanceto并重
Putwrongstorights拨乱反正Bottleneckindustries薄弱工业
Imposeunreasonableservicechargesandcollectmoneyforcountlesspurpose不合理收费、集资和摊派
Rushintoactionindisregardofobjectiveconditions不顾条件一哄而起Akindofvagueconceptofownership不够明确的产权Unhealthywaysandcustoms不良风气Unhealthytendency不正之风Takeabolderapproachtoreformandopening-up
改革开放的步子迈得再大一些
Tobedilatory办事拖拉
Seetoitthatourbasicline,principlesandpoliticsarecontinuedandkeptstable保证基本路线。方针政策的连续性和稳定性Selfishdepartmentalism本位主义
【教育类】
【常用词汇与词组】
【国外教育机构】:
Kindergarten幼儿园
Day-carecenter幼儿园（美国）Nurseryschool托儿所
Primary/elementaryschool小学（英/美）ElementaryeducationSecondaryschoolJuniorhighschoolSecondaryeducationSeniorhighschoolAttachedmiddleschoolKeyschoolPrivateschoolPublicschoolHighereducationAdulteducationTechnicalschoolShortcourseSeminarOpenuniversityPolytechnicinstituteGraduateschoolSchoolofArtsandSciencesOpenadmission
【教育者头衔】：
TeachingstaffEducationist/educatorHeadmasterDeputyheadmaster,deputyheadPresidentDeanPrincipalConsultantAssociateprofessorLecturerAssistantLaboratoryassistant，labassistantAdviser/mentorCounselor
初等教育中学初中
中等教育高中附中重点中学私立学校公立学校高等教育成人教育技校短训班研讨班夜大、函大理工学院/科技大学研究生院文理学院免费入学制教育工作者（总称）教育家
校长（headmistress）副校长大学校长
学校分院长，主任中学校长顾问副教授讲师助教实验员导师辅导老师
21Schooling教授、授课Privatetutor
","p":{"h"Schooldiscipline校纪Attendance、participation出勤率Expelsbfromschool开除Tuition学费Miscellaneousexpresses杂费Grant-aided助学金Lectureportfolio讲义夹Semester半学期Schoolyear学年Term、trimester学季
Alumnus/alumna校友（男/女）Toplaytruant,toplayhooky逃学、旷课Tolearnbyheart记住、掌握
【谚语警句】
1、therootsofeducationarebitter,butthefruitissweet_Aristotle2、betterbeunbornthanuntaught,forignoranceistherootofmisfortuneplato,以其不受教育，不如不生，因为无知是不幸的根源3、onlyanationofeducatedpeoplecouldremainfreeThomas
Jefferson只有受过教育的人民组成的国家才能保持自由4、themoreweread,themorewebenefited开卷有益5、Acandlelightsothersandconsumersitself蜡炬成灰泪始干6、Ittakesthreegenerationstomakeagentleman十年树木百年树人
【学习类】
【常用词汇和词组】
新生入学及入学后大致过程用语：
1、register、enroll登记、报到2、openingceremony开学典礼
3、orientationmeeting学校综合情况介绍会4、orientationprogram
关于学科的单词：
1、basiccourse2、specializedcourse3、requiredcourse4、optional/selectivecourse5、literature6、philosophy7、sociology8、linguistics9、psychology10、engineering11、architecture12、law13、economics14、finance15、accounting16、banking17、biochemistry
关于考试的单词：
1、open-bookexam2、blue-book3、quiz4、oraltest5、final-examination6、questionpaper7、totake/sit/doanexamination；8、convocationnotice9、examiner10、topassanexamination11、tofailinexamination12、failure13、competitiveexamination
24新生训练基础课专业课必修课选修课文学哲学社会学语言学心理学工程学建筑学法学经济学金融学会计学银行学生物化学开卷考试考卷小测验口试期末考核试卷参加考试考试通知考试者通过考试未通过考试未考好答辩考试
14、reportcard成绩单
其他方面：
Poptest抽考Individualstudy自习Dropout辍学Quitschool退学Attendalecture上课Missaclass缺课Cutaclass旷课Torepeatayear留级Courseofstudy学业
Swot；grind用功的学生
【谚语警句】
1、Agoodbookisagoodfriend好书如挚友2、Alittleknowledgeisadangerousthing一知半解自欺欺人3、AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy
只会用功不玩帅，聪明孩子也变傻
3、Byreadingweenrichthemind,byconversationwepolishit
读书使人充实，交谈使人精明
4、Complacencyistheenemyofstudy学习的敌人是自满5、Everyminutecounts分秒必争
6、Experienceisthefatherofwisdom,andmemorythemother经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母7、Failureisthemotherofsuccess失败是成功之母
8、Foolslearnnothingfromwisemen,butwisemenlearnmuchfromfools愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问
9、Geniusisnothingbutlaboranddiligence天才不过是勤奋而已10、Industryistheparentofsuccess勤奋是成功之母11、Itisthefirststepthatcoststroublesome万事开头难
12、Thefirststepistheonlydifficulty迈出第一步是最艰难的13、Knowledgeispower知识就是力量14、Knowledgemakeshumble，ignorancemakesproud
博学使人谦虚，无知使人骄傲
15、Nevertoooldtolearn，nevertoolatetoturn亡羊补牢为时未晚16、Nocross,nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹17、Nolivingmanallthingscan世上没有万事通18、Nomanisbornwiseorlearned没有生而知之者
19、Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit
世上无难事，只怕有心人
20、Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowilltry世上无难事，只要肯攀登21、Nothingseek，nothingfind没有追求就没有收获22、Readingenrichesthemind开卷有益
23、24、25、
Readingistothemindwhileexcisetothebody读书健脑，运动健身Thefinestdiamondmustbecut玉不琢不成器Thefireisthetestofgold，adversityofstrongman
烈火验真金，艰难磨意志
26、Thefroginthewellknowsnothingofthegreatocean坐井观天27、Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟（学问无坦途）
28、Whenthereisawill,thereisaway有志者事竟成29、Zealwithoutknowledgeisfirewithoutlight
没有知识的热心，犹如有火而无光
30、Hewhoimaginesthathehasknowledgeenoughhasnone
自命万事通，腹中常空空
31、Liveandlearn活到老学到老32、Itisnevertoooldtolearn为学不怕年高33、Amanbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions多问则业精
34、Hewhoisashamedofaskingisashamedoflearning畏问之人耻于学35、Whatislearnedinthecradlelaststillthegrave
婴孩时期学到的老死也不会忘
36、Learningmakesagoodmanbetterandillmanworse
知识能是好人更好，坏人更坏
37、Soonlearn，soonforgotten学得快，忘得快
38、Learnyoung,learnfair为学乘年轻，既学须学好39、Alazyyouth,alousyage少时懒惰老来苦40、Hewhoknowsnothing,doubtsnothing无知即无疑41、Adversitysuccessfullyovercomeisthehighestglory
成功的克服困难是最大的光荣
42、Readingmakesafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman阅读使人渊博，会谈使人机敏，写作使人严谨
【学习类写作惯用表达和经典示句】1、originalitydoesnotmeanthinkingsomethingthatwasneverthought
before,itmeansputtingoldideastogetherinnewways
创新并不意味着思考一些人们从来没有想过的事情，而是指将一些旧有的观念以新的方式重组2、Anyonecanmakethingsbiggerandmorecomplex.Whatrequiresrealeffort
andcourageistomoveintheoppositedirection,inotherwords,tomakethingsassimpleaspossible人人都可以使事情变得艰深复杂，相反，是事情变得浅显却需要费一番周折3、Studentsshouldmemorizefactsonlyaftertheyhavestudiedtheideas,
trends,andconceptsthathelpexplainthosefacts.Studentswhohavelearnedonlyfactshavelearnedverylittle应该在掌握了现象背后的思想、趋势和概
念之后再去记忆现象。只看现象学不到什么东西的4、Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethan
frompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown.disagreementcancausestress
andinhibitlearning我们从与我们意见一致的人哪里学到的东西往往比从与我们意见相左的人那里学到的东西更多。意见不一致会带来学习压力，遏制学习5、Factsarestubbornthings.theycannotbealteredbyourwishes,our
inclinations,orthedictatesofourpassions
事实就是事实，不会因为我们的愿望、爱好和热情而改变6、Studentsshouldbringcertainskepticismtowhatevertheustudy.theyshould
questionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively学生应该带着怀疑和批判的态度学习，而不是被动的接受所学的任何东西7、Thereisnosuchthingaspurelyobjectiveobservation.allobservationis
subjective;itisalwaysguidedbytheobserversexpectationordesires没有纯粹客观的观察，所有观察都是主观的，都受观察者期望或愿望的影响8、Thehumanmindwillalwaysbesuperiortomachinesbecausemachinesare
onlytoolsofhumanminds
人脑永远优于机器，因为机器只不过是人脑的工具
9、Criticaljudgmentofworkinanygivenfieldhaslittlevalueunlesscomes
fromsomeonewhoisanexpertinthatfield
专家的批判性的见解才有真正的价值
10、Peoplewhopursuetheirownintellectualinterestforpurelypersonal
reasonsaremorelikelytobenefittherestoftheworldthanarepeoplewhotrytoactforthepublicgood
因为个人兴趣而研究的人比为了公众利益做研究的人更容易造福社会
11、Thestudyofanacademicdisciplinealtersthewayweperceivethe
world.afterstudyingthediscipline,weseethesameworldasbefore,butwithdifferenteyes某一专业的学习可以改变我们的世界观，虽然所见的东西还是一样，但是我们的视角却不同以往了
12、Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemore
comprehensible,butmorecomplexandmoremysterious随着我们知识的增长，我们会发现，世界并非越来越简单，而是变得更加复杂和神秘13、Goodstudyhabitsarethemostimportantpartofcollegelife
良好的学习习惯是大学生活中一个重要的组成部分
14、Joiningclubsisagoodwaytomeetmorepeopleandenrichthestudents
sociallife参加各种俱乐部是大学生结识更多人和丰富其社会生活的好途径15、OnlybyreadingextensivelywillyoubeabletoreallymasterEnglish
只有通过广泛阅读，才能正真掌握英语
16、Englishisoneofthemostimportantandusefullanguagesintheworld
英语是世界上最重要、使用最广泛的语言之一
17、Englishistheworkinglanguageininternationalbusinessand
communication英语是国际商业和通信的工作语言18、Teacherscouldadjusttheirteachingprocessaccordingtothe
informationtheyobtainfromexaminations
教师们可以根据从考试当中获得的信息调整它们的教学方法
19、Testservesasadrivingforcestimulatingstudentstoworkhardandto
getagoodcommandofknowledge
考试可以当做刺激学生努力学习和牢固掌握只是的推动力
20、Examinationisaway，notanaim考试只是一种手段不是目的21、Itisunfairtojudgestudentsonlybytheresultsofexambecausethey
canhardlyperformwellundergreatpressure仅根据考试成绩判定学生是不公平的，因为在巨大的压力状况下几乎不能正常发挥
22、Somestudentsthinkthatnowadayscollegetuitionfeesaretooexpensive
foranordinaryChinesefamily。Somestudentscannotaffordthetuitionfeeeveniftheyhavescoredhighintheentranceexamination.nowhigher
educationinstitutionsinchinaprovidecertainamountsofsubsideforcollegestudentsandgivethemlowcostaccommodations有些学生认为现在大学学费对于普通的中国家庭来说过于昂贵,有些优秀的学生即使在高考中取得了很高的成绩，也无法支付高昂的学费.现在中国的高等院校为大学生提供一定数额的补助，还给他们提供低廉的食宿
23、Highereducationisnotcompulsoryeducationanymore。Withthe
reforminotherfields,highereducationinchinaisalsoundergoinggreatchanges高等教育已经不再是义务教育了,随着其他领域改革的警醒，中国的高等教育也在经历着巨大的变化
24、Ipracticeself-reliancebyofferinginstructionasafamilytutor
通过做家教，我锻炼自立的能力
25、Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipcaneffectivelyfurtherthestudentto
ahigherlevelinstudy,andmakestheteachersjobworthwhile,whileabadoneill-effectsthestudentsdevelopment,eventotherestofhislife良好的师生关系更够有效的使学生进入到更高一级的学习，也使老师的工作富有意义，而坏的师生关系对学生的发展，甚至他以后的生活都会产生不良影响26、Anidealteacherisafriendaswellasateachertohisstudent
一位理想的老师应是学生的益友和良师
27、Bothstudentsandteachersaresupposedtoshowrespecttoeachother
师生之间应该相互尊重
28、Agoodteacher-studentrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstanding
一个好的师生关系是基于相互理解的基础上的。
【文化风俗类】
【常用词汇及词组】：
中国传统节日：
1.NewYearsDay元旦
2.theSpringFestival(NewYearsDayoftheChineselunarcalendar)春节3.theLanternFestival元宵节4.theQingMingFestival清明节5.theDragon-BoatFestival端午节6.ChineseValentinesDay七夕节7.theMiddle-AutumnFestival中秋节8.NationalDay国庆节9.teachersDay教师节10.ChinesesYouthDay中国青年节11.AnniversaryoftheFoundingoftheChineseCommunistParty
中国共产党诞生纪念日12.ArmyDay建军节
春节相关联词汇表达
1、lunarcalendar农历2、lunarJanuary；thefirstmonthbylunarcalendar正月3、NewYearsEve;eveoflunarNewYear除夕4、thebeginningoftheyear初一5、havingtheSpringFestival过年6、poeticcouplet;twosuccessiverhyminglinesinpoetry对联7、SpringFestivalcouplets春联8、paper-cuts剪纸9、NewYearspaintings年画10、specialpurchasesfortheSpringFestival;
doSpringFestivalshopping买年货
11、proposeatoast敬酒12、lantern；aportablelight灯笼13、fireworks烟花
14、firecrackers（peoplescareoffevilspiritsandghostswiththeloudpop）爆竹15、redpockets(cashwrappedupinredpaper,symbolizefortuneandwealthin
thecomingyear)红包
16、liondance(thelionisbelievedtobeabletodispelevilandbringgoodback)17、dragondance(toexpectgoodweatherandgoodharvests)18、traditionalopera戏曲19、varietyshow；vaudeville杂耍20、riddleswrittenonlanterns灯谜
21、exhibitoflanterns灯会22、staying-up守岁
23、payNewYearscall;giveNewYearsgreetings;NewYearsvisit拜年24、taboo禁忌25、getridoftheill-fortune去晦气26、offersacrificestoonesancestors祭祖宗
27、giftmoney;moneygiventochildrenasalunarNewYeargift压岁钱28、bidfarewelltotheoldyear辞旧岁29、springcleaning;generalhousecleaning扫房30、ricecake；NewYearcake(nian-gao)31、familyreuniondinner32、Chinesemeatravioli（jiao-zi）33、tang-yuan34.、eighttreasuresricepudding35、candytray36、Treasuresfillthehome37、Businessflourishes38、Peaceallyearround39、Wishingyourprosperity40、Harmonybringswealth41、Mayallyourwishescometrue42、Everythinggoeswell43、Thecountryflourishesandpeopleliveinpeace44、Moneyandtreasureswillbeplentiful45、Wishingyoueverysuccess46、promotingtoahigherposition47、safetripwhereveryougo
外国节日January
Coming-of-AgeDay（Japan）Dr.MartinLutherDayFebruary
St.valentinesDayGeorgeWashingtonsBirthdayMarch
JapaneseChildrensFestivalInternationalWomensDayApril
AprilFoolsDayEasterDayArborDayEarthDayShakespearesBirthday
30年糕团圆饭饺子汤圆八宝饭糖果盘金玉满堂生意兴隆岁岁平安恭喜发财和气生财心想事成吉祥如意国泰民安招财进宝一帆风顺步步高升出入平安成人节
马丁-路德-金纪念日情人节
乔治-华盛顿的生日日本儿童节国际妇女节愚人节复活节植树节世界地球日莎士比亚诞辰纪念日
May
MothersDay母亲节
MemorialDay美国阵亡将士纪念日June
WorldEnvironmentDay世界环境日FlagDay美国国旗日FathersDay父亲节
Deaf-BlindAwarenessWeek海伦凯勒周July
USIndependenceDayWorldpopulationDayBastilleDayAugust
TheEdinburghInternationalFestivalInternationalLeft-handersDayHungryGhostFestivalSeptember
LaborDayBierborseTheMunichOktoberfestInternationalDayofPeaceChusokOctober
ColumbusDayWhiteCaneSafetyDayUNDayHalloweenNovember
VeteransDayThanksgivingDayDecember
WorldAidsDayChristmas
特色中餐英文名：
SoybeanmilkDumplingsSteamedbuns;steamedbreadRiceporridgeHotpotSpringrollsStinkytofu（smelltofu）GlutinousriceRicenoodles
31美国国庆日世界人口日法国国庆日爱丁堡国际艺术节国际左撇子节中元节美国劳动节啤酒节
慕尼黑啤酒节国际和平节韩国中秋节哥伦布纪念日国际盲人节l联合国日万圣节美国老兵纪念日感恩节世界艾滋病日圣诞节豆浆水饺馒头稀饭火锅春卷臭豆腐糯米饭米粉
Assortedcandies(meanssweetandfortune)什锦糖Redmelonseed(meansjoy,happiness,truthandsincerity)西瓜子Cumquat(meansprosperity)金桔Candiedlotusseed（meansmanydescendentstocome）糖莲子Candiedlotusroot（meansfulfillingloverelationship）糖藕Reddates(meansprosperity)红枣
Peanutcandy(meanssweet)花生糖
艺术类：
Workofart艺术作品Masterpiece杰作FineArts美术Artgallery画廊、美术馆Inspiration灵感、启发Muse灵感
【谚语警句】
1、DoastheRomansdo入乡随俗
2、nothingissonecessaryfortravelersaslanguages外出旅行，语言最重要3、observationisthebestteacher观察是最好的老师4、oneeyewitnessisbetterthantenhearsays百闻不如一见5、Seeingisbelieving眼见为实
6、thereiskindnesstobefoundeverywhere人间处处有温情
7、theworldisbutalittleplace，afterall海内存知己天涯若比邻8、historyrepeatsitself历史常重演
9、thedeclineofliteratureindicatesthedeclineofnation;thetwokeepintheirdownwardtendency
文学的衰落表明一个名族的衰落，这两者走下坡路的时间是齐头并进的10、whenonelovesonesartnoserviceseemstoohard
一旦热爱艺术，什么奉献都不难O.henry
【经典示句】
29、Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancial
supporttheyneedinordertothrive(繁荣、兴旺、成功)，becauseitisprimarilyincitiesthatanationsculturetraditionsarepreservedandgenerated
30、Rituals(仪式、程序、例行习惯)andceremonieshelpdefineaculture,
withoutthem,societiesorgroupsofpeoplehaveadiminishedsenseofwhotheyare
31、Thewaypeoplelook,dress,andactrevealstheirattitudesand
interests.youcantellmuchaboutasocietysideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviorofitspeople
32、Thetruevalueofacivilizationisreflectedinitsartisticcreations
ratherthaninitsscientificaccomplishments
33、Peopleoftenlookforsimilarities,evenbetweenverydifferent
things,andevenwhenitisunhelpfulorharmfultodoso,Instead,athingshouldbeconsideredonitsownterms,weshouldavoidthetendencytocompareittosomethingelse.
【传媒写作类】
【新闻词汇】
1、massmedia大众传媒2、newsblackout新闻管制3、cover采访、采写4、crusade宣传攻势
5、dig深入采访，追踪（新闻线索），挖（新闻）6、eye-account目击者，记者见闻7、freedomOfthePress8、fullposition9、highlights10、humaninterest11、in-depthreporting12、Invasionofprivacy13、newsclue14、newsvalue15、objectivity16、opinionpoll17、press18、readability19、readersinterest20、sensational21、timeliness
【出版词汇】
1、Daily2、weekly3、morningedition4、eveningedition5、newspaperweek6、Thefrontpage7、criticism8、editorial9、review，comment10、newspaperoffice11、newsman，newspaperman，12、news/pressconference13、magazine
14、periodicalQuarterly15、worldnews16、Homenews17、newsagency
新闻自由醒目位置要闻人情味深度报道
侵犯隐私（权）新闻线索新闻价值客观性民意测验
报界、新闻界可读性读者兴趣
耸人听闻的，具有轰动效应的时效性、时新性日报周报晨报晚报新闻周刊头版、第一版评论社论时评报社journalist新闻记者记者招待会期刊季刊国际新闻国内新闻新闻社
3318、newsreport/story/coverage新闻报道19、publishinghouse，press出版社20、publisher出版者、出版商21、bestseller畅销书22、Anecdote趣闻轶事23、backalleynews；hearsay小道消息24、brief简讯
25、column专栏、栏目26、contributor投稿人27、newsagency28、qualitypaper
【政府与行政机构】
ThepeoplesRepublicofChinaProvincePrefectureMunicipalityMunicipalResidentialareaUrbanSuburbOutskirtsCityCountyAutonomous（district区）Capital（provincialcapital）CommunistPartyofChinaNationalPartyCongressNationalPeoplesCongressFifteenthNationalCongressPresidentofPRCStatecouncilPremierViceprimerDemocraticPartyMunicipality
通讯社
高级报纸，严肃报纸(P.R.China)中华人民共和国省
区，县，地方官的职位（官邸，任期等）直辖市、自治区、自治市；市政当局市的、市政的居民区、住宅区市区的近郊区郊区市县自治省会
中国共产党全国代表大会全国人民大会
第十五次全国代表大会（十五大）中华人民共和国主席国务院总理副总理民主党派34
谚语精选：1、Forevilnewsridesfast,whilegoodnewsbaitslater（JohnMilton）
好事不出门坏事传千里
2、Awonderlastsbutninedays新鲜事儿不长久3、Followyourowncourse，andletpeopletalk走自己的路，让人家说去吧4、Anewbroomsweepsclean新官上任三把火5、Greatmenhavegreatfaults伟人也会有巨大的过失6、Thebestmanstumbles伟人也有犯错时7、Nosmokewithoutsomefire无火不生烟，无风不起浪8、Talltreescatchmuchwind树大招风9、Goodnewscomesoncrutches好事不出门10、Badnewstravelsquickly坏事传千里11、Journalismisliteratureinahurry新闻是急就文学12、Merereportisnotenoughtogoupon仅是传闻不足为凭
13、Nonewsisgoodnews没有消息就是好消息（不闻凶讯便是吉）
经典示句：1、Intheageoftelevision,readingbooksisnotasimportantasitonce
was.PeoplecanlearnasmuchbywatchingTVastheycanbyreadingbooks2、Thepurposeofmanyadvertisementsistomakeconsumerswanttobuya
productsothattheywillbelikethepersoninthead.Thispracticeiseffectivebecauseitnotonlysellsproductsbutalsohelpspeoplefeelbetterthemselves许多广告的目的是促使消费者购买产品，因为这些产品可使他们变得和广告演员一样出色，这些广告是成功的，因为他们不仅做了产品促销，还使消费者自我感觉变的良好3、Becauseoftelevisionandworldwidecomputerconnections,peoplecannow
becomefamiliarwithagreatmanyplacesthattheynevervisited.Asa
result,tourismwillsoonbecomeobsolete(已废弃的，已过时的)由于电视和网络的出现，人们熟悉了很多他们从未到过的地方，结果将导致旅游业的衰退4、High-speedelectroniccommunicationmedia,suchaselectronicmailand
television,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication快速的电子交流媒介，比如电视和电子邮件，会遏制有意义和有深度的交流5、Inthisageofintensivemediacoverage,itisnolongerpossibleforasocietyto
regardanywomanormanasahero.Thereputationofanyonewhois
subjectiveto(易受、遭受0mediascrutiny（调查、细察）willeventuallybediminished.在这个媒体无孔不入的时代，人们很难再把某人奉为英雄，杰出人物的声誉会随着媒体逐步深入的报道而消减。6、Publicfiguressuchasactors,politicians,andathletesshouldexpectpeopleto
beinterestedintheirprivatelives.Whentheyseekapublicrole,theyshouldexpectthattheywillloseatleastsomeoftheirprivacy.演员、政客和运动员应该预料到人们对他们私生活的关注，他们应该知道，选择成为公众的焦点就意味着部分个人隐私的牺牲7、Advertisements,infact,havebeguntodominateourdailylife
8、Sincewecannotexpecttogetridoftheadsinmarkereconomic,theonly
thingtodoistolearnhowtolivewithads我们既然在市场经济中无法摆脱广告，那么唯一的办法就是学会和广告共存9、Advertisementprovidespeoplewithalotofinformationconcernedwith
peoplesdailylives,suchasdifferentproducts,housestorentandjob
opportunities广告为我们提供了大量和我们日常生活有关的信息，例如各种产品、房屋出租、工作机会等
10、Withoutadvertisements,newspapers,commercialradiosandtelevision
companiescouldnotsurvive
没有广告，报社、商业电台、电视公司就没法生存
11、Advertisementsaremisleadingandcheating.Theyarefilledwith
floweryphrasesandemptypromises广告起误导作用，并具有欺骗性，广告中充满着华丽的词语和空洞的诺言
12、Advertisingencouragesconsumersto“keepupwithJoneses”,(社会地位
和生活水平较高的，爱显富的邻居)namely,itcreatesanacquisitivesocietyandademandformaterialthings广告鼓励消费者攀比，换而言之，它创造出一个渴望获取社会及对物质的需求
13、NowadaysTVprogramsarefullofcommercialadswhichcancausealot
oftroublessometimes
14、AsfarasImconcerned,Iaminfavorofadsbecausemostofthemare
interestingandinformative.就我而言，我赞成广告，因为大部分广告很有趣而且包含很多有用的知识
【公益事业类】
常用词汇：
1、socialwelfare社会福利2、hopeProject希望工程3、LovingCareProject爱心工程4、re-employment再就业5、donateblood献血6、philanthropy慈善、仁慈、慈善事业7、charity慈善机构、慈善事业Charitycontribution义捐Benefitperformance义演8、TerminallyCare临终关怀9、spiritofutterdevotion奉献精神10、citizensethicalconstruction公民道德建设
谚语警句：
1、Ifindlifeisanexcitingbusinessandmostexcitingwhenitislivedforothers(Helenkeler)我发现生活是令人激动的事情，尤其为别人活着时
2、whenamanassumeapublictrust,heshouldconsiderhimaspublicproperty（ThomasJefferson）
当一个人受到公众信任时，他就应该把自己看做公众的财产
3、itisnotenoughtodogood;onemustdoitintherightway
人不仅要做好事，更要以正确的方式做好事
3、themiracleisthisthemoreweshare,themorewehave
神奇的是我们分享的越多，我们拥有的越多
经典示句：1、Thousandsofchildreninourcountryaredeprivedofopportunitytogoto
schoolbypoverty在我国有成千上万的儿童因为贫困而失去了上学的机会2、TheHopeProjectmainlydependsonthecontributionofurbanpeopleand
overseasChinesewhocareaboutthedevelopmentofChinaseducation.希望工程主要依靠那些关心中国教育事业发展的城市居民和海外华人的捐助3、Helpingachildgobacktoclassroomwillnotcostonemuch,butwillgreatly
benefitthesocietyaswellasthechild帮助一个孩子返回课堂不会话你很多钱，但是却会给汉子和社会带来很多好处4、IthasbeenprovedthattheHopeProjectisquitesuccessful,andalotof
childrenhavereturntoschool5、Ifthecountrysideisnotdeveloped,neitherwillbeChina
如果农村的不到发展，那么中国也得不到发展
6、TheeconomydevelopmentofourcountryandthestatusChinaintheworld
dependmainlyonthenextgeneration
我国经济发展和国际地位的提高主要依靠下一代
7、Theissueofre-employmentisofvitalimportanttothecountrys
reform,developmentandstability.
在就业问题对我国的政策、发展和稳定都起了至关重要的作用8、Are-employment-orientedtrainingnetworkshouldbeformed
immediately,tocoverasmanylaid-offworkersaspossibletoenhancetheirabilitiestofacethechallenges再就业定向培训网应该立即形成，并尽可能吸收更多的下岗工人，帮助他们加强自身能力面对挑战。9、Inaddition,facilitiesandemploymentcentersrunbytradeunionsshould
joinhandswithlocalauthoritiestoprovidetimelyjobinformationforthelaid-offworkers此外，由公会运作的就业指导中心应与当地政府联手为下岗工人提供及时的就业信息
10、Injobmarkets,manylaid-offworkersarereluctanttoundertake
hourly-paiddomesticworkinotherpeopleshousesorseekpositionsintheprivatesector在就业市场上，许多下岗工人不愿意到别人家里做钟点工，也不愿意到私营企业工作
11、Itsnoshametoearnbreadwithonesownhandsnomatterwhatkind
ofworkhedoes,butitsadisgracetoidlealongwithfoldedarmsandwaituntilfinancialaidarrives
一个人无论做什么工作，只要是靠自己的双手挣来的钱就没有什么羞耻的，而那些插着两只胳膊东游西逛的等待救济的人才是令人耻笑的
12、Thegovernmentissupposedtoissuemorebeneficialpoliciestohelpthe
laid-offoutofdifficulty
政府应该出台更多的优惠政策帮助下岗人员摆脱困境
wenku_39({"font":{"84dcf1125f0e7cd1842536d70010027":"Times惯用表达与经典示句：1、Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesof
contemporaryliftareentirelyharmless,theyinfact,preventpeoplefromdevelopingintotrulystrongandindependentindividuals
人们往往认为现代生活的舒适和快捷是完全有益的，可实际上这些便利
会影响人们坚强独立个性的发展2、Generallyspeaking,youngandenergeticpeoplepreferactivereaction,while
oldfolkswouldratherenjoypeacefulrest总的来说，年轻人和精力旺盛的人喜欢活动性的娱乐，而老年人宁愿安静的休息3、Teenagersarespendingfartoomuchtimeandmoneyinvideoarcadesthese
days现在的青少年把更多的时间和金钱花在游戏厅里4、Mountainclimbingbegintogrowpopularasasport
爬山开始成为一种颇受欢迎的运动
5、Weshouldplaysystematicallyforthesakeofourhealth
我们应该为我们的健康而有系统的娱乐
6、Peoplewhocannotfindtimeforrecreationandobligedsoonerorlatertofind
timeforillness腾不出时间娱乐的人早晚会被迫腾出时间生病7、Writeitinyourheartthateverydayisthebestoftheyear
铭记在心：每一天都是一年中最好的日子
8、Differentpeopleliketospendtheirfreetimeindifferentways
在闲暇时间不同的人有不同的休闲方式
9、Weusuallytakeitforgrantedandletthetimepassbyminutebyminute
我们通常对分秒时间的浪费不以为然
10、Travel,intheyoungersort,isapartofeducation,intheolder,apartof
experience旅行对年轻人来说一种教育，对来年是一种体验11、Withthegeneralstandardoflivingimprovingandtheworkingweek
becomingshorter,moreandmorepeopleareabletomakeaholidaytriptoplacesofinterest随着人们生活水平的提高和工作时间的缩短，越来越多的人能够去旅游景点度假旅行
12、Travelinghelpsyoutoseenewcustoms,eatnewfood,anddonew
things。Travelingenrichesyourknowledge旅游使人们了解新的风俗，品尝风味独特的食品、体验新鲜的活动,扩展你的知识13、However,travelingmaycausesomeproblems
14、DuringVacations,wecanrelx,indulgeinourownrecreationsand
hobbies,meetfriends,andtakepartinsocialactivities,vacationalsoallowustodomanythingsthatwecannotdoinasingleday,forexample,wecanplanatriptoaplacefaraway在假期期间，我们可以放松我们自己，尽情娱乐、享受爱好，交友或参加社会活动带给我们的乐趣，也可以做许多一天做不但的事情，如去旅行
15、Besides,tofindoutthebestwaystocultivatemyabilities,Iwillfinda
part-timejobandconductsomesocialinvestigation.WhateverIdo,thegoalisthesame:togetnecessaryexperience,acquireknowledgeandbroadenmyhorizonofmind另外，为了能找到一条锻炼自己的最佳途径，我准备做
一份兼职，并做一些社会调查，无论我做什么，目标都是一致的，那就是获得必要的经验知识，拓宽自己的视野
16、Wemayforgeraboutthebooksanddevoteourselvestosuchthingsas
playingcardsandcomputergames
我们可能把书本丢到脑后，整天沉迷于打牌、玩电脑游戏之中
17、Theproblemishowtobenefitfromvacation问题是如何从假期中获益18、Thousandsofpeoplerushintocitieseachyear
19、Somepeopleprefertoliveinbigcitiesbecausebigcityoffermore
conveniencesthansmalltown;Onecanconvenientlygetwhathewantsbythecomprehensiveservicesinthecity
许多人喜欢住在大城市，因为与小城镇相比，大城市能提供更多的方方
面面的便利；一个人可以很方便的通过城市里的综合服务得到他想要的东西20、Manyoldpeoplechoosetospendtheremainderoftheirlivesfaraway
fromcities许多老年人选择远离都市度过晚年21、Therearemanyproblemsinbigcities,suchascrowdedbuses,traffic
jams,andpoorhousingconditions,theairpollutionandnoisepollutionareveryserious,whichdoesgreatharmtopeopleshealth
大城市也有很多问题，比如拥挤的公共汽车，交通堵塞和糟糕的住房条
件，空气和噪音污染也非常严重，给人们的健康带来了很大的危害
22、Citylifeispreferabletocountrylifebecauseincitiestherearemore
chancesofemployment,greaterrangeofjobs,moreopportunitiestosucceedinlife,
城市生活比乡村生活好，因为城市就业机会多、工作的种类多、成功机会也多23、Theenvironmentinthecountryisquieter,cleanerandfresherthanin
thecity,乡村生活环境比城市生活环境更为安静、清洁和清新24、TourismenablestheChinesetoknowabouttheoutsideworldand
promotesinternationalfriendshipandmutualunderstanding
旅游业是中国人更了解外面的世界，他促进了国际友谊和相互理解
25、Asaresultoftheopenpolicy,anincreasingnumberofforeignersare
crowingintochina,eagertoseethismysteriouslandwithasplendidcultureandcivilizationofmorethan5,000years
由于开放政策实施，不断增多的外国人涌入中国，急切的要看一看这个
拥有灿烂文化和五千多年文明历史的神秘的国度
26、Travelingmuch,youwillnotonlyenrichyourknowledgeand
experiences,butalsobeawareofthevastnessofnature
经常旅游不仅能丰富你的知识和经验，还能感悟自然的博大
27、Travelisveryexcitingsinceyoucanseelandscapemuchdifferentfrom
whereyouliveandwork,
旅游令人激动因为你可以看到与你居住和工作的地方截然不动不动精致28、Sincetouristsdonothavetimetomixwithlocalpeople,theycannot
haveafullviewofthelocalculture;andtourismmakessomepartsoftheworldtoocrowdedaplacetolivein
由于游客没有时间和当地居民长期交往，因此他们不可能全面了解当地
的文化，同时旅游业使得世界上的某些地方变得拥挤不堪，无法居住
工作类名言精粹：
1、Behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejust
easier,perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic（零星的，偶然发生的）,themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipinthecommunity.行为学研究提示，工作中人与人之间较好相处，或许是因为工作上的人际关系较有规律，而在社会上，人与人之间的关系是断断续续的，比较紧张，而且稍有规律可循2、Dontgildthelily(Shakespeare)不要给百合花镀金（不要画蛇添足）3、Everymanswork,whetheritbeliteratureofmusicofpictureorarchitecture
ofanythingelse,isalwaysaportraitofhimself每个人的工作，不管是文学、音乐、美术、建筑还是其他工作都是自己的衣服画像4、Growthandchangearethelawofalllife.yesterdaysanswersare
inadequatefortodaysproblemsjustasthesolutionoftodaywillnotfilltheneedsoftomorrow(FranklinRoosevelt)生长与变化是一切生命的法则，昨日的答案不适用于今日的问题，正如今天的方法不能解决明天的问题5、Happiness,Ihavediscovered,isnearlyalwaysareboundfromhardwork
我发现，辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福
6、Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment
只凭一句赞美的话我就可以充实的活上两个月
7、IdontlikeworknomandoesbutIlikewhatisinthework
thechancetofindyourself我不喜欢工作，没有人能喜欢工作，但是我喜欢在所从事的工作中找到发现自己的机会8、Inorderthatthepeoplemaybehappyintheirwork,thesethingsare
needed:theymustbefitforit;theymustnotdomuchofit;andtheymusthaveasenseofsuccessinit为了使人们在工作中感到快乐，必须做到以下三点：一定要胜任自己的工作，不可做得太多，必须对自己的工作有成就感9、Inoureffortstoadjustdifferencesofopinionweshouldbefreefrom
intolerance(不容忍，不容异说，偏执，偏狭)ofpassion,andourjudgmentsshouldbeunmovedbyalluring(迷人的，诱惑人的)phrasesandunvexed（不烦恼的）byselfishinterests在我们努力协调意见的分歧是，应当抛弃偏执与意气用事，我们的判断不应当被花言巧语蒙骗，也不应被个人私利扰乱。10、Workisthegrandcureforallthemaladiesandmiseriesthateverbeset
mankind(grand壮丽的，雄伟的，愉悦的；maladies“制度或组织的”弊病；misery痛苦，不幸，苦难；beset困扰“某人或某物”)
工作是良药，能医治一切困扰人的疾苦
11、Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo
(WinstonChurchill)不是爱哪行才干哪行，要干哪行爱哪行12、Thebestpreparationforgoodworktomorrowistodogoodworktoday
为把明天的工作做好，最好的准备就是把今天的工作做好
13、Theofficeofthescholaristocheer,toraise,andtoguidemenby
showingthemfactsamidstappearances学者的工作就是通过向大众提示存在与现象中事实来鼓舞大众、教育大众、引导大众
14、Weoftenhearofpeoplebreakingdownfromoverwork,butinninecases
outoftentheyarereallysufferingfromworryoranxiety
我们常常听人说，人们因为工作过度而垮下来，但是实际上十有八九是
因为饱受担忧或者焦虑的折磨
15、Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?A
goodshareoftheanswerrestinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing
为什么工作竟然是人们获得满足的如此重要的源泉呢，最主要的答案就
在于，工作和通过工作所取得的成就，能激起一种自豪感
16、Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:boredom,vice,andpoverty
工作两撵跑三个魔鬼：无聊、堕落和贫穷
17、Workismorethananecessaryformosthumanbeings,itisthefocusof
theirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity对多数人来说，工作不仅仅是一种需要，他还是人们生活的焦点，是他们个性和创造性的源泉
【核心句型集锦】
[开头段常用核心句型：]1、Thosedaysweoftenhearabout。。。。,butisthisreallythecase?2、Withthe(rapid)growthof(oureconomy/population),manyproblemssuch
as(watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalandchaotic混乱的management)arebeginningtosurface.3、Withthedevelopmentof(scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy),more
andmore(anincreasing)numberofpeoplecometorealizethat。。。4、Currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover(illegalpublication
/dugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures)5、Nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout….isunderwayinChina.
Somepeoplebelievethat…..，whereasothersarguethat……6、Themain/obviousproblemwiththisargumentisthatitisblindtothebasic
factthat……7、Itwouldbenatural/reasonabletothinkthat……，butitwouldbeabsurdto
claimthat……8、Inallthediscussionanddebateover….，oneimportantfactisgenerally
overlooked/neglected.9、Thereisabsolutelynoreasonforustobelievethat……
10、Onthesurface(atfirstthought,itmayseemanattractiveidea,butnon
secondthought,wefindthat……
11、Howeverlogicalthisargumentmaybe,itonlyskimsthesurfaceofthe
problem.
12、AsfarasIamconcerned,Ibelievethat…….
13、AlthoughIappreciatethat…..,Icannotagreewith……
14、Thosewhoobjectto….arguethat…..,butpeoplewhofavor….,onthe
otherhand,arguethat…..
15、Currently,thereisageneralconcernover….
16、Nowitiswidelyacknowledgedthat……butIwonderwhether…..
[中间段常用核心句型]1、thechangein…..mainlyresultin…..2、theincreasein…..isduetothefactthat….3、Thereareavarietyofreasonsforthisdramaticgrowth
in…...First,….Second,……Finally4、Thereisnoevidencetosuggestthat…..5、Whyare(is/do/did)…..?foronething,。。。。Foranother,….6、Itwillexertremarkableeffecton…..(exert（为特定目的）运用（力量、技能），exertyourself努力)7、Withthedevelopmentof….,vastchangesawaitsthiscountry8、Historyisfilledwiththeexamplesof…..9、Thestoryidnotrare(isolate/unique),itisoneofmanyexamples.
10、Asisshowninthetablereleasedbythegovernment,itcanbelearned
that……
11、Thereis(no)goodevidenceto…
12、Wemustadmittheundeniablefactthat…..13、Noonecandeny(brushaside)thefactthat…..
[结尾段常用核心句型]1、Takingintoaccountofallthesefactors,wemayreachtheconclusionthat…..2、Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wemaysafelycometotheconclusion
that….3、Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisontheimprovementof….4、Itishightimethatweputanendtotheunhealthysituation(tendency
/phenomenon)of…..5、Thereisnoeasysolutiontotheproblemof….,but…mightbeuseful6、GiventhefactorsIhavejustoutlined,Icanonlysaythat…..7、Unlessthereisacommonrealizationof….,itisverylikelythat….8、Thereisnodenyingthatseriousattentionmustbecalledtotheproblemof…9、Itisessentialthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.10、Itishopedthatgreateffortsshouldbefocusedonfinding(developing
/improving)….
11、Itremainstobeseenwhether…,buttheprospectisnotquite
encouraging
12、Anyway,morepublicityshouldbegiventothepotentialeffectsof….(公
众的注意，宣传、宣扬)
13、Tocontrolthetendencyisnotaneasyjob,anditinvolvesadifferent
stateofattitudetowards…..
[陈述或论证时常用的词语、句式]观点、看法view/point/opinion原因reason/cause
方法、手段、措施、步骤method/means/measures/step因素factor
利弊、优缺点advantage/disadvantage1、引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语原因有很多：therearemanyreasonswhy………..原因如下：thereasonswhy…..areasfollows我的看法是：myopinionisthat….
2、展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语第一层次（首先）：first,firstly,inthefirstplace,firstofall,
tobeginwith,foronething
第二层次（其次）：second,secondly,inthesecondplace,next,then,foranother第三层次（再次）：third,thirdly,besides,inaddition,furthermore,
whatismoreimportant
3、总结性段落常用的句式、词语
最后一点：lat,lastly,finally,inthelastplace,lastofall,inshort,inbrief;简而言之：inaword,insummary,tosumup
总之：inconclusion,onthewhole,altogether,inall因此：so,thus,hence,therefore,consequently结果：inconsequence，asaresult由此可见：itwillbeseenfromitthat
如上所述我们可以得出结论：ashadbeensaidabove,wecanconclude(/make/draw/reach/cometoaconclusion)that……
4、将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较时常用的句式、短语
然而：while,whereas,but,however,nevertheless尽管如此:Inspitofthat,despiteallthis但在另一方面:butontheotherhand与。。。。相比:in/byincomparisonwith,ascomparewith对比之下:by/incontrast与。。。相反:asopposedto,insteadof
AB之间的不同在于：thedifferencebetweenAandBis/liesin/existsin/consistsin;AisdifferentfromBin…..
【饮食健康类】
【常用词汇】：
Aliquiddiet流质食物appetizer开胃菜Staplefood主食subsidiaryfood辅食Whitewine白葡萄酒redwine红葡萄酒Champagne香槟酒cocktail鸡尾酒Liqueur白酒、烧酒yellow/ricewine黄酒Pineapple菠萝strawberry草莓Olive橄榄cucumber黄瓜Mint薄荷grapefruit西柚Grape葡萄sodawater苏打水mineralwater矿泉水waterjug水壶ceramiccup陶瓷杯measuringjug量杯mixingglasses调酒杯cocktailshaking调酒器beermug啤酒杯juiceextractor果汁榨汁机champagneglass香槟杯straw吸管
【谚语精选】：
1、Asoundmindinasoundbody健康的思想寓于健康的身体2、Ahappyhasmakesabloomingvisage（容貌、外表）心中快乐，容光焕发3、Healthishappiness健康就是幸福
4、Hewhohasgoodhealthisyoung,andheisrichwhoowesnothing
健康葆青春，无债即富有
5、Healthisnotvalueduntilsicknesscomes有病方知健康贵
6、Feedbymeasureanddefyphysician饮食有节，医生绝迹7、Oftenandlittleeatingmakesamanfat少吃多餐，使人健壮8、Afterdinnersitawhile,aftersupperwalkamile
正餐后休息片刻，晚餐后步行一里
9、Hewhodoesnotriseearlyneverdoesagooddayswork
起床不早，一天的工作干不好
10、Aalittlelabor,muchhealth适量的劳动大有益于健康
11、Agoodsurgeonmusthaveaneagleseye,alionheart,andaladyshand
一个好的外科医生，应具有鹰眼、狮心和女性的手
12、Preventionisbetterthancure预防胜于治疗13、Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffect良药苦口利于病
14．Earlytobedandearlytorise,makesamanhealthy、wealthyandwise
早睡早起会使人健康。富有和聪明
15、Sloth,likerust,consumesfasterthanlaborwears
懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更能消耗身体
16、Thefirstwealthishealth健康是人生第一财富
【经典示句】：
1、TheeatinghabitsofChinesepeoplehavechangeddramaticallyinthe
pastdecade。Peoplebegintoeatlessgrain,butmorefruit；peoplenowpaymuchattentiontonutrition,sotheychoosetoeatmeatandmilk。Peoplearetryingtohaveabalancediet在过去的十年中，中国人的饮食习惯发生了很大的变化,吃的谷物越来越少，水果越来越多，因为更加注重营养，人们现在选择吃肉食品、喝牛奶；他们正在努力实现饮食平衡
2、Inthepastfewyears,therehasbeenanincreasingawarenessofthe
importanceofhealth
在过去的几年间，人们已经越来越意识到了健康的重要性
3、Peoplecannowaffordnutritiousfoods/Qualityfoodsarenowwithin
peoplesreach人们现在买得起有营养的食品
4、Freshfruitandvegetablesarerichincarbohydrate,vitaminsand
minerals;Fishandchickencontainsmoreproteinandlessfat
新鲜的水果蔬菜含有丰富的碳水化合物、维生素和矿物质；鱼肉和鸡肉含有较多的蛋白质，脂肪含量低
5、Moreandmorepeoplearebecomingawareofthelinkbetweendietand
goodhealth越来越多的人开始意识到饮食与健康的重要性6、Aproperdietishelpfultoweightcontrol合理的饮食有助于控制体重7、Goodhealthisacorollaryofhavinggoodhabits(推论，必然的结果)
良好的生活习惯必然会有健康的身体
8、Cheerfulisthepromoterofhealth心情愉快是健康的增进剂9、Aswetakingspecialcareofourphysicalhealth,weshouldalsopay
enoughattentiontoourmentalhealth
当我们极其关注身体健康的同时，更要关注心理健康
10、Healthisthefoundationofonessuccess健康的身体是事业成功的基础
【商业术语类】
Commerce，trade，trading贸易
Inland/home/domestic/internal/interiortrade国内贸易Internationaltrade国际贸易Foreign/externaltrade外贸、对外贸易Termsoftrade贸易条件Free-tradearea自由贸易区commercialchannels商业渠道Import，importance进口export，exportation出口Importer进口商exporter出口商Custom海关customduty关税
Quota配额、限额item项目、细目Commercialtransaction买卖、交易middleman中间商、经纪人Dealer经销商wholesaler批发商Tradesman、retailer零售商merchant商人（英）批发商，（美）零售商concessionaire,licenseddealer受让人，特许权获得者
consumer消费者、用户client，customer顾客、客户buyer买方、买主stocks存货、库存量
purchase购买、进货sale销售bulksale整批销售、wholesale批发retailtrade零售业cashsale现货hire-purchase分期付款购买（美，installmentplan）
competition竞争competitor竞争者competitive竞争的unfaircompetition不合理竞争
dumplingprofitmargin倾销差价，倾销幅度trademark商标registeredtrademark注册商标
registeredoffice，headoffice总公司，总店，总部
【范文中经典词汇和句子】
1、witness当场见证，目击
Eg.Wearewitnessingthemostimportantscientificdevelopmentofthecentury2、clumsy笨拙的，设计欠佳的，不得体的，不知趣的，难于使用或驾驭的3、telecommuting远程办公
4、infringe侵犯、侵害infringesbsliberty侵犯某人的自由5、avaluablefirstedition一本珍贵的首版书6、look。。。。upin…..查找7、aidtolearning学习工具8、trudge长途跋涉9、alienate使疏远或冷淡
10、eliminate排除、消除eliminateallpoliticalopposition11、heartpacemakers心脏起搏器12、picturesque迷人的、美如画的
13、soaring高涨的，迅速上升的；高耸，矗立soaringtemperature14、endow赋予，使天生具有
15、irreversible不可逆的，不能取消的，不能变更的Eg.Tomsufferedirreversiblebraindamageinthecrash16、thwart阻碍，阻饶；使。。。受挫；和。。。作梗17、mitigate缓和，减轻。。。的重要性
Egthejudgesaidthatnothingcouldmitigatethecrueltywithwhichthemotherhadtreatedherchild
17、beblindto….缺乏识别能力的，（对坏事无）视而不见的18、strident刺耳的，尖锐的
Egtheunionaregettingmorestridentintheirdemands（苛刻）19、aspiration强烈的愿望、渴望和志向20、demonize使成为魔鬼
21、capitalism资本主义bankercapitalism银行资本主义22、maniac狂躁者，狂热者
23、unleash把（能量、感情等）释放出来，发泄；发出；发动24、legislate制定法律，立法
25、broadenonesvisionto拓宽某人看待某物的视野26、forthesakeof….为。。。。的好处着想27、poseagreatthreatto….给。。。带来了严重的威胁28、two-edgedsword双刃剑
29、miraculous奇迹般的，非凡的
30、upgraden升级，上升，增加；v使升级，提升，改良品种31、reformandopen-up改革开放32、antiquefurniture古董家具
33、acaseinpoint重要的一点是34、snoop探听，窥探
35、brutalviolationofhumanrights对人权的野蛮践踏36、devastating破坏性的，全然的
Egadevastatingargumentagainstourplan37、blame…….For…..应为。。。。承担责任，把。。。。归咎于38、spur激励，使再接再厉
39、brilliant灿烂的，闪耀的，有才气的，超群的，卓越的、辉煌的40、eminent卓越的，杰出的，出名的，41、distinguished卓越的，杰出的
TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage42、outstanding杰出的，出众的，著名的43、plannedeconomy
44、long-strideprogress长足的进步45、giveboostto。。。有助于。。。。。46、pillarindustry支柱产业47、beinterrelatedwith与。。。。相关48、elaborate详细阐述
49、zeal热心、热诚Heshowsgreatzealforknowledge50、endupwith以。。。。而告终
51、takesthintoaccount考虑，斟酌
52、eligible合格的，有恰当资格的eligibleforanaward53、growinto渐渐成为，变得54、contact感染（疾病），染上（恶习），招致（恶果）n合同，契约55、endeavor尝试，企图
56、unprecedented前所未有的，无前例，空前的57、rendersbto致使，使成为58、world-village地球村
59、modest不大的，适度的60、distinguishoneself表现出众61、strivefor努力，奋斗，追求
62、beindicativeof指示的，标示的，象征。。。的Eghispresenceisindicativeofhiswillingnesstohelp63、ignorant无知的，无学识的，愚昧的
64、harsh严厉的，严酷的，无情的harshdiscipline/punishment65、remindsbofsth使某人想起某事66、practicemakesperfect熟能生巧67、mutual相互的，彼此的68、falsify篡改，伪造
69、shoulder担负，承担（重职、责任）
70、respectable受人尊敬的，规矩的，体面的，正派的71、devoteoneselfto把。。。专注于，把。。。奉献给，专心致力于。。。72、beongoodtermswith…与。。。关系良好
73、lastbutnottheleast最后也是相当重要的一点
74、subsist维持生活，生存下去subsistonbredandwater75、feature以。。为特色，特写，放映
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